ReviewClinical science (London, England : 1979)2021
Mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Review in Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional perspectives on cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: Characteristics, mechanisms, biomarkers, psychological stress effects, and treatment progress.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Manifestations, and Clinical Impact.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Related Cardiovascular Toxicities in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Pathways with AI-Assisted Literature Clustering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Therapy Promotes Immune-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Through TLR4-Myd88-NF-Human mutation · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: from immune mechanisms to clinical surveillance and targeted therapies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Immune and stromal remodeling underlies radiation-induced heart injury: insights from single-cell transcriptomics.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity: immunology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- Delving into the pinnacle: an in-depth analysis of the top 100 most cited articles on cardio-oncology.Hereditas · 2025Article
- Navigating Cardiotoxicity in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Diagnosis to Long-Term Management.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Myocarditis: A Case Report of Complete Heart Block and Challenges in a Patient on Pembrolizumab.The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2025Article
- Critical Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy and Cardiac Health.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of immunotherapy in cancer: insights and implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- A case report: interstitial pneumonia following treatment of gastric cancer with sintilimab in combination with S-1.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular toxicities: insights from preclinical and clinical studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review).Oncology reports · 2023Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Myocarditis: A Review of Reported Clinical Cases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The role of non-coding RNAs in myocarditis: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapies have greatly expanded the armamentarium of cancer-directed therapies in the past decade, allowing the immune system to recognize and fight cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in particular, have revolutionized cancer treatment and have demonstrated survival benefit in numerous types of cancer. These monoclonal antibodies increase anti-cancer immunity by blocking down-regulators of adaptive immunity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1), resulting in anti-tumor activity. As ICIs increase immune system activation, they can cause a wide range of inflammatory side effects, termed immune-released adverse events. Though these toxicities can affect nearly any organ, the most fatal toxicity is myocarditis. Here, we discuss the diverse spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities associated with ICI use. In addition, we provide insight and future directions on mechanisms and treatments for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving the myocardium, pericardium, vasculature, and conduction system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.