ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2021
Beyond immune checkpoint blockade: emerging immunological strategies.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 251 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 466 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in immune checkpoint inhibitor research: A bibliometric analysis of the landscape.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Targeting BCL9/BCL9L enhances CD4Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with oxygen-driven nanomotors for cuproptosis-enhanced immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Fgl-1 promotes the progression of endometrial adenocarcinoma through PI3K/AKT signal pathway.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Nilotinib induces immunogenic cuproptosis to potentiate cancer immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Phase I Trial of Ipatasertib plus Atezolizumab Enhances PI3K/AKT Pathway Immune Responses in Solid Tumors and Refractory Glioblastoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- A Multiple Enzyme-Mimetic Platinum-Ruthenium Nanohybrid Prodrug Potentiates Chemo-/Chemodynamic-/Immuno-Therapy of Hypoxic Tumors.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Universal off-the-shelf TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma reveals stratified immune features and potential therapeutic implications.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tumor heterogeneity: development, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- FN1Oncogene · 2026Article
- Engineering the tumor immune landscape: Translating non-invasive physical stimulation into tumor-associated macrophage-targeted cancer immunotherapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Fine particulate matter and tobacco product exposure exacerbates metabolic syndrome-related colon cancer via regulating oxidative stress and tumor-associated macrophage interactions.Cancer & metabolism · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells in Solid Tumors: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Considerations.Cancers · 2026Review
- Ferroptotic tumor cells reprogram tumor-associated macrophage antigen presentation to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- SLC38A4 promotes Kupffer cell phagocytosis and suppresses tumor liver metastasis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Ceramide disrupts TM9SF2-PGK1 axis to redirect PD-L1 trafficking and enhance antitumor immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical translation for a number of immunotherapies as monotherapies or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors has clarified that new strategies must be employed to advance the field. The next chapter of immunotherapy should examine the immuno-oncology therapeutic failures, and consider the complexity of immune cell-cancer cell interactions to better design more effective anticancer drugs. Herein, we briefly review the history of immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade, highlighting important clinical failures. We discuss the critical aspects - beyond T cell co-receptors - of immune processes within the tumour microenvironment (TME) that may serve as avenues along which new therapeutic strategies in immuno-oncology can be forged. Emerging insights into tumour biology suggest that successful future therapeutics will focus on two key factors: rescuing T cell homing and dysfunction in the TME, and reappropriating mononuclear phagocyte function for TME inflammatory remodelling. New drugs will need to consider the complex cell networks that exist within tumours and among cancer types.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.