ArticleNature communications2021
Immune cell profiling of the cerebrospinal fluid enables the characterization of the brain metastasis microenvironment.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leptomeningeal fibroblasts promote glioblastoma progression by regulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Patient-derived resources for decoding and targeting brain metastases ecosystems.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Future directions in the treatment of brain metastases: evaluating the role of cellular players in the tumour microenvironment.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Integrative CSF profiling identifies disease-specific immune responses in leptomeningeal disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell advances in the investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- A proteogenomic atlas of 1032 brain metastases identifies molecular subtypes, immune landscapes, and therapeutic vulnerabilities.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrative Analysis of Clinical Features and Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Microenvironment in Leptomeningeal Metastasis From Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Paediatric cerebrospinal fluid immune profiling distinguishes paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis from other paediatric-onset acute neurological disorders.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- The paracrine effects of tumor cells on endothelial cells and macrophages in brain metastases with different primary sites.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cellular dynamics in cerebrospinal fluid unveils the key regulators of intracranial response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The Future of Clinical Trials in Surgical Neuro-Oncology Is Bright.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Detection of Human Brain Cancers using Genomic and Immune Cell Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid through CSF-BAM.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of immunotherapy response in neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- Immunological and pathological characteristics of brain parenchymal and leptomeningeal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Multimodal evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid from breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases using circulating tumor cell detection, single-cell sequencing, and proteomics.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- A hitchhiker's guide to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Exploring the tumor microenvironment in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: immunological insights and therapeutic challenges.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in lung cancer brain metastases.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Identification and characterization of tertiary lymphoid structures in brain metastases.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common tumor of the brain with a dismal prognosis. A fraction of patients with brain metastasis benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and the degree and phenotype of the immune cell infiltration has been used to predict response to ICI. However, the anatomical location of brain lesions limits access to tumor material to characterize the immune phenotype. Here, we characterize immune cells present in brain lesions and matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor genotyping. Tumor immune infiltration and specifically CD8
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.