ArticleBMC medicine2021
Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic effect of the preoperative albumin-to-globulin ratio bladder cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables and bladder cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary and plasma carotenoids and risks of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory Diet Index and Bladder Cancer Risk by Stage: A 22-Year Prospective Swedish Cohort Study (1998-2020).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Correction: Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and knowledge-attitude-practice factors are associated with late recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations between intake of different types of vegetables and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Review
- The effects of specific vegetable subtypes on constipation incidence in the general United States population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Genetic factors, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and risk of bladder cancer.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Biological differences underlying sex and gender disparities in bladder cancer: current synopsis and future directions.Oncogenesis · 2023Review
- Associations of starchy and non-starchy vegetables with risk of metabolic syndrome: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018.Nutrition & metabolism · 2023Article
- Estimates of bladder cancer burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- TRAIL-mediated signaling in bladder cancer: realization of clinical efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics in medical oncology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Food groups and urologic cancers risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Tea Drinking and the Risk of Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Meta-Analysis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2023Article
- Pre-diagnosis Cruciferous Vegetables and Isothiocyanates Intake and Ovarian Cancer Survival: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough a potential inverse association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk has been reported, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This research aimed to elucidate the association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk by conducting a pooled analysis of data from prospective cohort studies.
methodsVegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk was examined by pooling individual-level data from 13 cohort studies, comprising 3203 cases among a total of 555,685 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by cohort for intakes of total vegetable, vegetable subtypes (i.e. non-starchy, starchy, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables) and individual vegetable types. In addition, a diet diversity score was used to assess the association of the varied types of vegetable intake on bladder cancer risk.
resultsThe association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk differed by sex (P-interaction = 0.011) and smoking status (P-interaction = 0.038); therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking status. With adjustment of age, sex, smoking, energy intake, ethnicity and other potential dietary factors, we found that higher intake of total and non-starchy vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among women (comparing the highest with lowest intake tertile: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.98, P = 0.037 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99; HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.034 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98, respectively). However, no evidence of association was observed among men, and the intake of vegetable was not found to be associated with bladder cancer when stratified by smoking status. Moreover, we found no evidence of association for diet diversity with bladder cancer risk.
conclusionHigher intakes of total and non-starchy vegetable are associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer for women. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these results reflect causal processes and potential underlying mechanisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.