Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33684642›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021

Regulatory focus and the p factor: Evidence for self-regulatory dysfunction as a transdiagnostic feature of general psychopathology.

Adrienne L Romer, Ahmad R Hariri, Timothy J Strauman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. From theDepression and anxiety · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Self- vs. External-Regulation Behavior ScaleFrontiers in psychology · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Resilience as aFrontiers in psychiatry · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Adrienne L RomerCenter for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA. Electronic address: aromer@mclean.harvard.edu.
Ahmad R HaririLaboratory of NeuroGenetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Timothy J StraumanDepartment of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

Quantifying Individual Differences in Midlife Structural Brain Integrity Associated with Later AD/ADRD RiskR01AG049789 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI AHMAD R. HARIRI, TERRIE E MOFFITT · 2015 to 2026
$10.6M
Self-Regulation Failure: Identifying and Modifying a Risk PhenotypeR01DA031579 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HARIRI, AHMAD R., STRAUMAN, TIMOTHY J · 2010 to 2012
$1.9M
Neurogenetic Pathways to Drug Use in Young AdultsR01DA033369 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HARIRI, AHMAD R. · 2013 to 2016
$1.4M
Replicability, Mechanisms, and Trajectory of Neural Alterations Related to General PsychopathologyF32MH124409 · NIMH · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI ROMER, ADRIENNE LYNN · 2020 to 2022
$210k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049789NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA031579NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA033369NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH124409
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A general psychopathology ('p') factor captures transdiagnostic features of mental illness; however, the meaning of the p factor remains unclear. Regulatory focus theory postulates that individuals regulate goal pursuit either by maximizing gains (promotion) or minimizing losses (prevention). As maladaptive goal pursuit has been associated with multiple categorical disorders, we examined whether individual differences in promotion and prevention goal pursuit are associated with p as well as internalizing- and externalizing-specific factors using structural equation modeling of data from 1330 volunteers aged 18-22. Unsuccessful attainment of promotion and prevention goals was related to increased levels of p. Over and above relations with the p factor, unsuccessful attainment of promotion goals was associated with higher internalizing-specific psychopathology, whereas unsuccessful attainment of prevention goals was related to higher externalizing-specific psychopathology. These associations also were separable from related personality traits. After controlling for sex differences in the composition of the psychopathology factors, there were no sex differences in the relations between promotion and prevention goal pursuit and p and specific internalizing and externalizing factors. These findings suggest higher general psychopathology reflects poorer overall self-regulation of goal pursuit and that maladaptive promotion and prevention orientations also are associated with internalizing- and externalizing-specific psychopathology, respectively.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersPsychopathologyAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisMaleYoung AdultExternalizingGeneral psychopathologyInternalizingP factorRegulatory focusSelf-regulation

Identifiers

PMID33684642
PMCPMC8085096

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.