Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33684592›Full record

ReviewTranslational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine2021

COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: are there lessons from macrophage activation syndrome?

Michael J Ombrello, Grant S Schulert

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Observational
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  17. Criteria for Cytokine Storm Syndromes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Michael J OmbrelloTranslational Genetics and Genomics Unit, Pediatric Translational Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: ombrellomj@mail.nih.gov.
Grant S SchulertDivision of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases · USUniversity of Cincinnati · US

Funding

Genetics and pathophysiology of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other complex autoinflammatory diseasesZIAAR041198 · NIAMS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES · PI OMBRELLO, MICHAEL · 2014 to 2025
$14.4M
Monocyte and macrophage polarization in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome.K08AR072075 · NIAMS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI SCHULERT, GRANT SANFORD · 2017 to 2021
$843k
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 AR0411989NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR072075
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although interest in "cytokine storms" has surged over the past decade, it was massively amplified in 2020 when it was suggested that a subset of patients with COVID-19 developed a form of cytokine storm. The concept of cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) encompasses diverse conditions or circumstances that coalesce around potentially lethal hyperinflammation with hemodynamic compromise and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a prototypic form of CSS that develops in the context of rheumatic diseases, particularly systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The treatment of MAS relies heavily upon corticosteroids and cytokine inhibitors, which have proven to be lifesaving therapies in MAS, as well as in other forms of CSS. Within months of the recognition of SARS-CoV2 as a human pathogen, descriptions of COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation emerged. Physicians immediately grappled with identifying optimal therapeutic strategies for these patients, and despite clinical distinctions such as marked coagulopathy with endothelial injury associated with COVID-19, borrowed from the experiences with MAS and other CSS. Initial reports of patients treated with anti-cytokine agents in COVID-19 were promising, but recent large, better-controlled studies of these agents have had mixed results suggesting a more complex pathophysiology. Here, we discuss how the comparison of clinical features, immunologic parameters and therapeutic response data between MAS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 can provide new insight into the pathophysiology of CSS.

Indexed as

SARS-CoV-2COVID-19Cytokine Release SyndromeHumansMacrophage Activation Syndrome

Identifiers

PMID33684592
PMCPMC7934701
OpenAlexW3135665817

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.