ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2021
Sex differences in the elevated plus-maze test and large open field test in adult Wistar rats.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Sex-specific behavioral and monoaminergic network alterations following adolescent binge-like ethanol and WIN55,212-2 exposure under chronic nicotine in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Domain-specific and sex-dependent behavioral alterations in the BTBR mouse model of autism.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of Increased SOAT2 Expression with Abnormal Cholesterol Esterification and Testosterone Deficiency in Late-Onset Hypogonadism Rats.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Multitarget Neuropharmacological Actions of Drimycarpus racemosus Hook. f. GC-MS-Guided In Vivo and In Silico Evidence of Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Potential.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Article
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54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is a growing need for a better understanding of sex differences in animal models of psychiatric disorders. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and large open field (LOF) test are widely used to study anxiety-like behavior in rodents. Our studies explored sex differences in anxiety and activity parameters in the LOF and EPM and determined whether these parameters correlate within and between tests. Drug naïve adult male and female Wistar rats (n = 47/sex) were used for the studies, and the rats were tested for 5 min in the EPM and 10 min in the LOF. The females spent more time on the open arms of the EPM and made more open arms entries than the males. The females also spent more time in the center zone of the LOF and made more center zone entries. The females traveled a greater distance in the LOF and EPM. There was a moderate positive correlation between time on the open arms of the EPM and time in the center zone of the LOF. There was also a moderate positive correlation between open arms entries in the EPM and center zone entries in the LOF. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed one cluster with LOF parameters, one cluster with EPM parameters, and one cluster with parameters related to the avoidance of open spaces. In conclusion, these findings indicate that female rats display less anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and LOF. Furthermore, there are sex differences for almost all behavioral parameters in these anxiety tests.
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