ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2021
Leukemia Risk in a Cohort of 3.9 Million Children with and without Down Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer risks related to intellectual disabilities: A systematic review.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- DLK1 is a GATA1s-driven dependency and therapeutic target in Down syndrome-associated myeloid leukemia.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Assessing the contributions of noncoding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia.Blood neoplasia · 2026Review
- Single cell transcriptional evolution of myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lifetime risk of solid tumors and leukemia in Down Syndrome: a population-based Swedish matched cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Leukemias in Adolescents and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience.Hematology reports · 2025Article
- Structural birth defects and leukemia risk in children with Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Medical Imaging and Pediatric and Adolescent Hematologic Cancer Risk.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Quantifying and Contextualizing Radiation Doses in Common Pediatric Medical Imaging Examinations.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of somatic GATA1s mutations in newborns with Down syndrome.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution of acute myeloid leukaemia in Denmark.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Re-envisioning genetic predisposition to childhood and adolescent cancers.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Inherited Predispositions to Myeloid Neoplasms: Pathogenesis and Clinical Implications.Annual review of pathology · 2025Review
- Gene Expression Studies in Down Syndrome: What Do They Tell Us about Disease Phenotypes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Nonchromosomal birth defects and risk of childhood acute leukemia: An assessment in 15 000 leukemia cases and 46 000 controls from the Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- RETRACTED: Global incidence and mortality of childhood leukemia and its relationship with the Human Development Index.PloS one · 2024Article
- Too many white cells-TAM, JMML, or something else?Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2023Article
- Alterations in intestinal microbiota and metabolites in individuals with Down syndrome and their correlation with inflammation and behavior disorders in mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Medical imaging utilization and associated radiation exposure in children with down syndrome.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess leukemia risks among children with Down syndrome in a large, contemporary cohort. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study including 3 905 399 children born 1996-2016 in 7 US healthcare systems or Ontario, Canada, and followed from birth to cancer diagnosis, death, age 15 years, disenrollment, or December 30, 2016. Down syndrome was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions, diagnosis codes. Cancer diagnoses were identified through linkages to tumor registries. Incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of leukemia were estimated for children with Down syndrome and other children adjusting for health system, child's age at diagnosis, birth year, and sex.
resultsLeukemia was diagnosed in 124 of 4401 children with Down syndrome and 1941 of 3 900 998 other children. In children with Down syndrome, the cumulative incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 1405/100 000 (95% CI 1076-1806) at age 4 years and unchanged at age 14 years. The cumulative incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia in children with Down syndrome was 1059/100 000 (95% CI 755-1451) at age 4 and 1714/100 000 (95% CI 1264-2276) at age 14 years. Children with Down syndrome had a greater risk of AML before age 5 years than other children (HR 399, 95% CI 281-566). Largest HRs were for megakaryoblastic leukemia before age 5 years (HR 1500, 95% CI 555-4070). Children with Down syndrome had a greater risk of acute lymphoid leukemia than other children regardless of age (<5 years: HR 28, 95% CI 20-40, ≥5 years HR 21, 95% CI 12-38).
conclusionsDown syndrome remains a strong risk factor for childhood leukemia, and associations with AML are stronger than previously reported.
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Registered trials
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