ArticleAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2021
Dietary Diversity Indicators and Their Associations with Dietary Adequacy and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review.
Article in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of acceptability in dietary optimisation models: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of diet quality scores including diet diversity in relation to major chronic diseases, obesity and mortality in healthy adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of dietary diversity with undernutrition in school-aged children.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Food Variety and Unhealthy Food Consumption Among International Students in Hungary: Associations with Sociodemographic and Behavioural Factors.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Consumption of Edible Leaves by Afro-Descendants in French Guiana and Suriname: An Overview of a Constantly Evolving Ethno-Culinary Practice.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Dietary habits, dietary diversity, and the influence of work-related stress among male academic professionals in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- How Could Agroecological Markets Support Healthier Diets in Urban and Periurban Areas for Low-Income Women? A Case Study of Dakar, Senegal.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Novel Automated Participant-Recorded Dietary Data Collection Method Using Low-Cost Mobile Phones and Interactive Voice Response with Low-Literacy Women: A Validation Study in Rural Uganda.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- The diversity and consistency of what and when people eat.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Adequate Dietary Diversity Versus Suboptimal Diet Quality: The Paradox of Food Insecurity Among International Students in Hungary.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Role of Ayurvedic Principles in Addressing Malnutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings.Cureus · 2026Review
- Role of dietary patterns and inter-meal intervals in hypopharyngeal cancer: A case-control study from Assam, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Agroecology and gender effects on rural households' food insecurity and coping mechanisms in Borena District, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary Diversity, Dietary Patterns, and Cardiometabolic Health in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- A study on dietary diversification intervention for elderly patients with chronic heart failure who can eat by mouth.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- An alternative dietary variety score reflects nutrient adequacy across different life stages in Japanese women.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Implementation of a Banana Flour Porridge Supplementation Initiative in a Mozambican Primary School: A pilot descriptive study.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dietary diversity has long been recognized as a key component of diet quality and many dietary diversity indicators (DDIs) have been developed. This systematic scoping review aimed to present a comprehensive inventory of DDIs and summarize evidence linking DDIs and dietary adequacy or health outcomes in adolescents and adults. Two search strategies were developed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English up until June 2018 and were applied to Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. A 2-stage screening process was used to select the studies to be reviewed. Four types of DDIs were identified among 161 articles, the majority of them belonging to the food group-based indicator type (n = 106 articles). Fifty studies indicated that DDIs were proxies of nutrient adequacy, but there was a lack of evidence about their relation with nutrients to limit. Associations between DDIs and health outcomes were largely inconsistent among 137 studies, especially when the outcomes studied were body weight (n = 60) and noncommunicable diseases (n = 41). We conclude that the ability of DDIs to reflect diet quality was found to be principally limited to micronutrient adequacy and that DDIs do not readily relate to health outcomes. These findings have implications for studies in low- and lower-middle-income economies where DDIs are often used to assess dietary patterns and overall diet quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.