ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2021
The dynamics of being homebound over time: A prospective study of Medicare beneficiaries, 2012-2018.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Utilization Patterns Among Heterogeneous Subgroups of Homebound Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Observational
- Associations of Homebound State in Older Adults With Neighborhood Social Cohesion.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Association between the different basic activities of daily living on the Barthel index and community living, use of mobility aids, and the survival at 5 years.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- End-of-life care for older adults receiving home medical care in Japan: a pilot retrospective cohort study.Journal of rural medicine : JRM · 2026Article
- Homebound Older Adults and Transportation Barriers to Social and Community Activities.Journal of transport & health · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations of time-varying homeboundness and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychology · 2025Article
- The role of community pharmacists in medicines optimisation for housebound people: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- The heterogeneity of the homebound: A latent class analysis of a national sample of homebound older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Visual Difficulty and Daily Activity Limitations: The Moderating Role of Neighborhood Characteristics.The Gerontologist · 2023Article
- Patterns of Healthcare Utilization and Spending Among Homebound Older Adults in the USA: an Observational Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Observational
- Prevalence of use and characteristics of users of home-based medical care in Medicare Advantage.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Home, but Not Homebound: A Prospective Analysis of Persons Living With Dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2022Article
- Home-based primary care visits by nurse practitioners.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2022Article
- Prospective assessment of dementia on transitions in homeboundness using multistate Markov models.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Use of walking modifications, perceived walking difficulty and changes in outdoor mobility among community-dwelling older people during COVID-19 restrictions.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesApproximately 2 million people, or 6% of older adults in the United States, are homebound. In cross-sectional studies, homebound older adults have high levels of morbidity and mortality, but there is little evidence of longitudinal outcomes after becoming homebound. The aim of this research is to prospectively assess over 6 years the dynamics of homebound status, ongoing community residence, and death in a population of community-dwelling older adults who are newly homebound. DESIGN/
settingProspective cohort study using 2011-2018 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an annual, nationally-representative longitudinal study of aging in the United States.
participantsTwo hundred and sixty seven newly homebound older adults in 2012. MEASUREMENTS: Homebound status was defined via self-report as living in the community but rarely/never leaving home in the prior month. Semi-homebound was defined as leaving the house only with difficulty or help.
resultsOne year after becoming newly homebound, 33.1% remained homebound, 22.8% were completely independent, 23.8% were semi-homebound, 2.2% were in a nursing home, and 18.0% died. Homebound status is highly dynamic; 6 years after becoming homebound, 13.5% remained homebound and 65.0% had died. Recovering from being homebound at 1 year was associated with younger age and lower baseline rates of receiving help with activities of daily living, in particular, with bathing.
conclusionHomebound status is a dynamic state. Even if transient, becoming homebound is strongly associated with functional decline and death. Identifying newly homebound older adults and developing interventions to mitigate associated negative consequences needs to be prioritized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.