ArticleGenetics2021
Hox genes are essential for the development of eyespots in Bicyclus anynana butterflies.
Article in Genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic parallelism underpins convergent mimicry coloration in Lepidoptera across 120 million years of evolution.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- A novel Hox gene promoter fuels the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in wing eyespots of satyrid butterflies.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Genetics of butterfly eyespot plasticity.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Phylogeny and divergence time estimation of Io moths and relatives (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae:PeerJ · 2024Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis ofInsects · 2023Article
- Detection and measurement of butterfly eyespot and spot patterns using convolutional neural networks.PloS one · 2023Article
- A transcriptomic atlas underlying developmental plasticity of seasonal forms of Bicyclus anynana butterflies.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- High-quality reference genomes of swallowtail butterflies provide insights into their coloration evolution.Zoological research · 2022Article
- Miocene Climate and Habitat Change Drove Diversification in Bicyclus, Africa's Largest Radiation of Satyrine Butterflies.Systematic biology · 2022Article
- Butterfly eyespots evolved via cooption of an ancestral gene-regulatory network that also patterns antennae, legs, and wings.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Dissection of Larval and Pupal Wings ofMethods and protocols · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The eyespot patterns found on the wings of nymphalid butterflies are novel traits that originated first in hindwings and subsequently in forewings, suggesting that eyespot development might be dependent on Hox genes. Hindwings differ from forewings in the expression of Ultrabithorax (Ubx), but the function of this Hox gene in eyespot development as well as that of another Hox gene Antennapedia (Antp), expressed specifically in eyespots centers on both wings, are still unclear. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to target both genes in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. We show that Antp is essential for eyespot development on the forewings and for the differentiation of white centers and larger eyespots on hindwings, whereas Ubx is essential not only for the development of at least some hindwing eyespots but also for repressing the size of other eyespots. Additionally, Antp is essential for the development of silver scales in male wings. In summary, Antp and Ubx, in addition to their conserved roles in modifying serially homologous segments along the anterior-posterior axis of insects, have acquired a novel role in promoting the development of a new set of serial homologs, the eyespot patterns, in both forewings (Antp) and hindwings (Antp and Ubx) of B. anynana butterflies. We propose that the peculiar pattern of eyespot origins on hindwings first, followed by forewings, could be due to an initial co-option of Ubx into eyespot development followed by a later, partially redundant, co-option of Antp into the same network.
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