ArticleCytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry2021
Refractory neutrophils and monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise.
Article in Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the effect of structured exercise on inflammation and body composition in inflammatory bowel disease.International journal of colorectal disease · 2023Pooled it
- Types of physical activity and applied outcome measures in physical activity interventions among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Structured exercise in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a literature review.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2025Review
- The Potential Benefits of Exercise in Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Refractory neutrophils and monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise.Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeutrophils and monocytes are key immune effector cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is associated with chronic inflammation in the gut. Patients with stable IBD who perform exercise have significantly fewer flare-ups of the disease, but no underlying mechanism has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness/refractoriness of these innate immune cells after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise in IBD patients and controls.
methodsPatients with IBD and age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited from a cohort of walkers participating in a 4-day walking event. Blood analysis was performed at baseline and after 3 days of walking. Responsiveness to the bacterial/mitochondrial-stimulus N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) was tested in granulocytes and monocytes by measuring the expression of activation markers after adding this stimulus to whole blood.
resultsIn total 38 participants (54 ± 12 years) were included in this study: 19 walkers with and 19 walkers without IBD. After 3 days of prolonged exercise, a significant increase in responsiveness to fMLF was observed in all participants irrespective of disease. However, IBD patients showed significantly less responsiveness in neutrophils and monocytes, compared with non-IBD walkers.
conclusionsIncreased responsiveness of neutrophils and monocyte to fMLF was demonstrated after repetitive bouts of prolonged exercise. Interestingly, this exercise was associated with relative refractoriness of both neutrophils and monocytes in IBD patients. These refractory cells might create a lower inflammatory state in the intestine providing a putative mechanism for the decrease in flare-ups in IBD patients after repeated exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.