Trial reportTransfusion2021
The impact of ABO blood groups on clinical outcomes and susceptibility to COVID-19: A retrospective study in an unselected population.
Trial report in Transfusion, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of ABO blood groups on clinical outcomes and susceptibility to COVID-19: A retrospective study in an unselected population.Transfusion · 2021Trial
- A retrospective study on the association between ABO blood group and the severity and prognosis of hospitalized Chinese patients with COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Genetic Variants in Saudi COVID-19 Patients with Extreme Phenotypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- The Investigation of the Distribution of ABO/Rh Blood Group in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Its Association With Disease Severity, Clinical Outcomes, Lab Tests, and Radiologic Findings.Health science reports · 2025Article
- ABO blood group and COVID-19 severity: Associations with endothelial and adipocyte activation in critically ill patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- Blood Group Variations in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma and Regular Blood Donors: A Comparative Analysis in the Serbian Population.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Association between ABO blood group/genotype and COVID-19 in a Japanese population.Annals of hematology · 2023Article
- Vitamin D status and blood group among severe COVID-19 patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Article
- Blood-Type-A is a COVID-19 infection and hospitalization risk in a Turkish cohort.Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine · 2023Article
- HLA and red blood cell antigen genotyping in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors.Future virology · 2023Article
- ABO blood groups and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Protoplasma · 2022Review
- ABO blood group and link to COVID-19: A comprehensive review of the reported associations and their possible underlying mechanisms.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Review
- Association of ABO blood group with in-hospital adverse outcome and long term persistent symptoms of COVID-19 infection: A single-center longitudinal observational study.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Correlation between ABO Blood Group Phenotype and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity of Disease in a Saudi Arabian Cohort.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2022Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Potential Applications in COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Fucosyltransferase 2: A Genetic Risk Factor for Intestinal Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- The association of ABO blood types with host susceptibility to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Correlation between ABO blood type, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity: A systematic review.Hematology, transfusion and cell therapyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundABO blood groups have been linked to susceptibility to infection with certain microorganisms, including coronaviruses. We examined the relationship between blood group and clinical outcomes in individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and compared their blood group distribution with the general population.
methodsAt the inception of the pandemic, all individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Kuwait were admitted to one designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital and enrolled in a prospective registry. Patients admitted from February 24 to May 27, 2020, were stratified according to blood group. As a control, blood groups of 3,730,027 anonymized individuals representing almost Kuwait's entire population were obtained from a national database.
resultsOf 3305 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, 37.1%, 25.5%, 28.9%, and 8.5% were groups O, A, B, and AB, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed no significant differences in severe clinical outcomes or death among the blood groups. However, multivariable analysis demonstrated that group A individuals had higher odds of developing pneumonia compared with non-group A (adjusted odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.72, p < .036). Compared with the general population, the COVID-19 cohort had a lower frequency of group O, equivalent frequency of A, and higher frequency of B and AB. No significant difference in the RhD group was found.
conclusionThis study supports potential involvement of the ABO blood group system in predisposing to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in an unselected population. Examination of the mechanistic link between blood group and COVID-19 and its implications on controlling the current pandemic is warranted.
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