ArticleHealth services research2021
Population-level changes in outcomes and Medicare cost following the introduction of new cancer therapies.
Article in Health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cost Disparities with Age in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Ontario, Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Biomarker-Specific Survival and Medication Cost for Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Policy Impediments to Tuberculosis Elimination: Consequences of an Absent Medicare National Coverage Determination for Tuberculosis Prevention.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Article
- Cost trends of metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy: the impact of oral anticancer agents and immunotherapy.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness evaluation based on two models of first-line atezolizumab monotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with high-PDL1 expression.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Population-level changes in outcomes and Medicare cost following the introduction of new cancer therapies.Health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the population-level impacts of the introduction of novel cancer therapies with high cost in the United States, using immunotherapies in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as an example. DATA SOURCES: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data in 2012-2015 linked to Medicare fee-for-service claims until 2016. STUDY
designWe examined population-level trends in treatment patterns, survival, and Medicare spending in patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC, the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, between 2012 and 2015. We estimated the percentage of patients who received any antineoplastic therapy within two years of diagnosis, including novel immunotherapies. We compared the trends in overall survival and mean two-year Medicare spending per each patient before and after the introduction of immunotherapies in 2015. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
methodsNot Applicable. PRINCIPAL
findingsThe percentage of patients treated with any antineoplastic therapy remained the same at 46.7% in 2012 and 2015, whereas the use of immunotherapies increased from 0% to 15.2%. The two-year survival rate and median survival increased by 3.3 percentage points (95% CI: 2.0, 4.5) and 0.4 months (CI: 0.0, 0.9), respectively, during the same period. The mean two-year total Medicare spending and outpatient spending per patient increased by $5735 (CI: 3479, 8040) and $7661 (CI: 5902, 9311), respectively, which were largely attributable to the increases in immunotherapy spending by $5806 (CI: 5165, 6459).
conclusionsThe introduction of lung cancer immunotherapies was accompanied by improvements in survival and increases in spending between 2012 and 2015 in the Medicare population. As novel immunotherapies and other target therapies continue to change the clinical management of various cancers, further efforts are needed to ensure their effective and efficient use, and to understand their population-level impacts in the United States.
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