ReviewCognitive processing2021
Landmarks in wayfinding: a review of the existing literature.
Review in Cognitive processing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential contributions of global and local object landmarks in human wayfinding behavior.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Preschoolers' early gaze exploration in virtual preschool classrooms: a transition-based eye-tracking analysis of window views and room size.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Urban Environment and Outdoor Walking Mobility Among Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment in Singapore: Formative Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Neural Mechanisms of the Impact of Rotated Terrain Symbols on Spatial Representation in Orienteers: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Whole-Brain fNIRS Synchronization.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Effects of Landmark Salience on Drivers' Spatial Cognition and Takeover Performance in Autonomous Driving Scenarios.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Post-integration based point-line feature visual SLAM in low-texture environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- VisiMark: Characterizing and Augmenting Landmarks for People with Low Vision in Augmented Reality to Support Indoor Navigation.Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI Conference · 2025Article
- Enhancing the digital adoption in healthcare built environments: a framework for a therapeutic user-based wayfinding system.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- Towards neuroadaptive navigation assistance to reduce spatial de-skilling.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- The structure of cognitive strategies for wayfinding decisions.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Memory effects of visual and olfactory landmark information in human wayfinding.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- Environmental therapy: interface design strategies for color graphics to assist navigational tasks in patients with visuospatial disorders through an analytic hierarchy process based on CIE color perception.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The influence of landmark visualization style on task performance, visual attention, and spatial learning in a real-world navigation task.Spatial cognition and computation · 2024Article
- Using spontaneous eye blink-related brain activity to investigate cognitive load during mobile map-assisted navigation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cognitive landmark research beyond visual cues using GIScience.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Redesigning navigational aids using virtual global landmarks to improve spatial knowledge retrieval.NPJ science of learning · 2022Article
- Modality Switching in Landmark-Based Wayfinding.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Landmarks are accepted as one of the vital elements in both virtual and real environments during wayfinding tasks. This paper provides an overview of the existing literature on the selection of landmarks in wayfinding mostly in large-scale urban environments and outdoors by discussing two main aspects of landmarks: visibility and salience. Environments and layouts used in previous studies, different tasks given to people and the main findings are explained and compared. Summary tables are created from these findings. The review concludes that there is mostly a consensus on the selection of landmarks, when considering their location. Accordingly, landmarks on route and also at decision points (with a turn) are more effective during wayfinding tasks. However, visibility of landmarks as well as visual and cognitive saliency need to be further investigated using different environments, tasks or different levels of familiarity with environments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.