ArticleBMJ neurology open2020
Hospital diagnosed pneumonia before age 20 years and multiple sclerosis risk.
Article in BMJ neurology open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthcare use before paediatric multiple sclerosis onset differs by age and sex: a nationwide cohort study.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of subsequent demyelinating diseases: national register-based cohort study.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Infections among individuals with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Association of Infectious Mononucleosis in Childhood and Adolescence With Risk for a Subsequent Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Among Siblings.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- The multiple sclerosis prodrome.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRespiratory inflammation has been proposed as a risk factor for MS. This study aims to determine if hospital-diagnosed pneumonia in adolescence (before age 20 years) is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsThis case-control study included incident MS cases after age 20 years identified using the Swedish national registers. Cases were matched with 10 general population controls by age, sex and region. Pneumonia diagnoses were identified between 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-20 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for infectious mononucleosis (IM) and education calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a common complication of MS, before age 20 years were included as a control diagnosis for reverse causation.
resultsThere were 6109 cases and 49 479 controls included. Pneumonia diagnosed between age 11-15 years was associated with subsequent MS (adj OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.27). Although not statistically significant, sensitivity analyses showed similar magnitude associations of pneumonia between age 11-15 years and MS. No statistically significant associations with MS for pneumonia at other age groups were observed. Adjustment for IM had no notable effect on associations, but was statistically significantly associated with MS. UTIs were not associated with MS.
conclusionPneumonia at 11-15 years of age was associated with MS, suggesting a possible role for inflammation of the respiratory system in the aetiology of MS during a period of susceptibility in adolescence. Further research on respiratory infections prior to MS onset should be conducted to replicate this finding and determine explanatory causal mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.