ReviewEpilepsia open2021
The gut microbiome in drug-resistant epilepsy.
Review in Epilepsia open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of synbiotics in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and the parental burden of caregivers: a single-arm pretest-posttest trial.BMC pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Review
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome and drug-resistant epilepsy: Microbiome-antiseizure medication interactions and implications for pharmacoresistance.Epilepsia open · 2026Review
- Targeting the Gut-Brain-Ferroptosis Axis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Modulation of Gut Microbiome and Metabolome as One of the Potential Mechanisms of Ketogenic Diet Effect in the Treatment of Epilepsy.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The gut microbiome associated with LGI1-antibody encephalitis.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Treatment-Refractory Epilepsy Alimentary Therapy (TREAT): A canine case study.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2025Article
- Microbiota-gut-brain Axis: Novel Potential Pathways for Developing Antiepileptogenic Drugs.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Gut-Brain Axis: an Overview of a New Strategy for Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- The evaluation of next-generation probiotics on broiler growth performance, gut morphology, gut microbiome, nutrient digestibility, in addition to enzyme production ofAnimal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- The interplay between microbiota and brain-gut axis in epilepsy treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The altered TBI fecal microbiome is stable and functionally distinct.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Revisiting the concept of drug-resistant epilepsy: A TASK1 report of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force.Epilepsia · 2023Article
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Disorders and Its Therapeutic Significance.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Modifying functional brain networks in focal epilepsy by manual visceral-osteopathic stimulation of the vagus nerve at the abdomen.Frontiers in network physiology · 2023Article
- Epilepsy, gut microbiota, and circadian rhythm.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Multi-omic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Rats with Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Factors not considered in the study of drug-resistant epilepsy: Psychiatric comorbidities, age, and gender.Epilepsia open · 2022Review
- Current Principles in the Management of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.CNS drugs · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug-resistant epileptic patients make up approximately one-third of the global epilepsy population. The pathophysiology of drug resistance has not been fully elucidated; however, current evidence suggests intestinal dysbiosis, as a possible etiopathogenic factor. Ketogenic diet, whose effect is considered to be mediated by alteration of gut microbiota synthesis, has long been administered in patients with medically refractory seizures, with positive outcomes. In this review, we present data derived from clinical studies regarding alterations of gut microbiome profile in drug-resistant epileptic patients. We further attempt to describe the mechanisms through which the gut microbiome modification methods (including ketogenic diet, pre- or probiotic administration) improve drug-resistant epilepsy, by reporting findings from preclinical and clinical studies. A comprehensive search of the published literature on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of science databases was performed. Overall, the role of gut microbiome in drug-resistant epilepsy is an area which shows promise for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. More research is required to confirm the results from preliminary studies, as well as safety and effectiveness of altering gut bacterial composition, through the above-mentioned methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.