ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
The Link Between Sex Hormones and Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Representation of women in cardiovascular disease management: a systematic analysis of ESC guidelines.Open heart · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity effect on newly diagnosed and recurrent post-ablation atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Does Testosterone Therapy Increase Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? Appraisal of the Contemporary Scientific and Clinical Evidence.The world journal of men's health · 2026Review
- Gender-specific cardiac features in Andersen-Tawil syndrome: a comprehensive meta-analysis of case reports and series.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- Obesity and shorter QT intervals: sex- and adiposity distribution-specific patterns of ventricular repolarization in healthy Asian youth.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific virtual population for the prediction and assessment of arrhythmia risk.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Prioritizing Discovery and Advancements in Arrhythmia Therapies: NIH/NHLBI Workshop.JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2026Review
- BMAL1 mediates sex-specific circadian regulation of cardiac ion channels and temporal arrhythmia vulnerability.Heart rhythm · 2026Article
- Preoperative hemoglobin level and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter after total joint arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Torsade de Pointes and QT Prolongation Among Antifungal Triazoles: A Real-World, Retrospective, Observational, Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Observational
- Sex differences in neurological outcomes for patients with In-Hospital cardiac arrest.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Sex Differences and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Compared with Right Ventricular Pacing.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Disturbed Repolarization-Relaxation Coupling During Acute Myocardial Ischemia Permits Systolic Mechano-Arrhythmogenesis.Circulation research · 2025Article
- Electrocardiographic sex index: a continuous representation of sex.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Unexplained Loss of Consciousness in a Patient With Klinefelter Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- A Review of Racial Differences and Disparities in ECG.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Sex Chromosomes and Sex Hormones: Dissecting the Forces That Differentiate Female and Male Hearts.Circulation · 2025Review
- Artificial intelligence evaluation of electrocardiographic characteristics and interval changes in transgender patients on gender-affirming hormone therapy.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Cardiac arrhythmia in individuals with steroid sulfatase deficiency (X-linked ichthyosis): candidate anatomical and biochemical pathways.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- Sex steroid hormones and atrial electrophysiology: Vive la difference!Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well-known that gender is an independent risk factor for some types of cardiac arrhythmias. For example, males have a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation and the Brugada Syndrome. In contrast, females are at increased risk for the Long QT Syndrome. However, the underlying mechanisms of these gender differences have not been fully identified. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence indicating that sex hormones may have a significant impact on the cardiac rhythm. In this review, we describe in-depth the molecular interactions between sex hormones and the cardiac ion channels, as well as the clinical implications of these interactions on the cardiac conduction system, in order to understand the link between these hormones and the susceptibility to arrhythmias.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.