ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Brain Ultrastructure: Putting the Pieces Together.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Applications of artificial intelligence in the field of oral and maxillofacial pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Microglial TDP-43 mediates myelin refinement and represses Tyrobp cryptic exon inclusion in mice.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- A pericyte chloride clamp mechanism governs capillary control of cerebral blood flow.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ultrastructural diversity and subcellular organization of nigral Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dysregulated oligodendrocyte and myelin dynamics as an early pathological feature of neuropil degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: an ultrastructural study.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Microglial response to sleep deprivation depends on the hippocampal region and paradigm used in adult male mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exhibit neuronal features but lack synaptic maturity.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Microvascular pathology in the spinal cord of severe spinal muscular atrophy patients.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Breaking Barriers: Advancements in CNS Drug Delivery for Glioblastoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- TEM-based Study of the Phenotype of Astrocytes Differentiated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from a Healthy Donor and a Patient with Parkinson's Disease.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2026Article
- Expansion microscopy of banked brain tissue.Free neuropathology · 2026Article
- Caveolin-1 Regulates Ultrastructural Alterations of Astrocytes in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Microvascular pathology in the spinal cord of severe spinal muscular atrophy patients.Research square · 2025Article
- All-optical visualization of specific molecules in the ultrastructural context of brain tissue.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Age-impaired remyelination is associated with dysregulated microglial transitions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Neuropathy-associated Tecpr2 mutation knock-in mice reveal endolysosomal loss of function phenotypes in neurons and microglia.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Cryoprotectants-assisted plunge freezing of thick brain tissue specimens for targeted physiologically relevant cryo-imagingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ultrastructural membrane dynamics of mouse and human cortical synapses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unraveling the fine structure of the brain is important to provide a better understanding of its normal and abnormal functioning. Application of high-resolution electron microscopic techniques gives us an unprecedented opportunity to discern details of the brain parenchyma at nanoscale resolution, although identifying different cell types and their unique features in two-dimensional, or three-dimensional images, remains a challenge even to experts in the field. This article provides insights into how to identify the different cell types in the central nervous system, based on nuclear and cytoplasmic features, amongst other unique characteristics. From the basic distinction between neurons and their supporting cells, the glia, to differences in their subcellular compartments, organelles and their interactions, ultrastructural analyses can provide unique insights into the changes in brain function during aging and disease conditions, such as stroke, neurodegeneration, infection and trauma. Brain parenchyma is composed of a dense mixture of neuronal and glial cell bodies, together with their intertwined processes. Intracellular components that vary between cells, and can become altered with aging or disease, relate to the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic density, nuclear heterochromatin pattern, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, lysosomes, neurosecretory vesicles, and cytoskeletal elements (actin, intermediate filaments, and microtubules). Applying immunolabeling techniques to visualize membrane-bound or intracellular proteins in neurons and glial cells gives an even better appreciation of the subtle differences unique to these cells across contexts of health and disease. Together, our observations reveal how simple ultrastructural features can be used to identify specific changes in cell types, their health status, and functional relationships in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.