ReviewJournal of pregnancy2021
Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.
Review in Journal of pregnancy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of inflammatory biomarkers in the development and progression of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutics Beyond Delivery: Repurposed Drugs and Biologic Pathways.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Effects of the Supplementation ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal and neonatal cytokine profiles in a twin cohort: evidence from an exploratory pilot study of perinatal immune dysregulation in autism.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The Role of Complement and CD4 T Cells in Preeclampsia and Offspring Neurodevelopment.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- Genetic survey of biomarkers at early and mid-pregnancy identifies pregnancy-specialized immune regulation.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Preeclampsia: Focus on the Uteroplacental Circulation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Maternal Inflammatory Biomarkers at 28 Weeks of Pregnancy and Childhood Adiposity at Age 7 and 13 Years in the Seychelles Child Development Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Blood Clotting as an Unintended Cytokine Stimulus in Pregnancy: Why Serum and Plasma are Non-Equivalent Immune Matrices.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Maternal adversity and peripheral proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in pregnancy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Identification of Maternal Serum Longitudinal Signatures Through Profiling of 96 Cytokines.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)+ CD4 T cells promote fertility and fetal tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Aberrant Uteroplacental and Vascular Signaling and Remodeling by Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pregnancy-Related Hypertension and Preeclampsia.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Maternal Obesity Modulates Postpartum Inflammatory and Hormonal Profiles, Without Detectable Differences in Tested Redox Markers.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Observational
- Association between gestational weight gain and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in the ETCHED cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Decoupling of maternal and neonatal inflammatory levels at the maternal-fetal interface: evidence from a population-based proteomic study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Autophagy in PE: Dispute, Role and Potential Target.Cell proliferation · 2025Review
- Maternal Immune Activation During Pregnancy and Obstetric Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation in pregnant women with latent toxoplasmosis and explanation of discordant results of serological tests for toxoplasmosis.Folia parasitologica · 2025Article
- The Role of IL-6 and TNF-α as Early Biomarkers in the Prediction and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The maternal immune response is essential for successful pregnancy, promoting immune tolerance to the fetus while maintaining innate and adaptive immunity. Uncontrolled, increased proinflammatory responses are a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The Th1/Th2 cytokine shift theory, characterised by bias production of Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokine midgestation, was frequently used to reflect the maternal immune response in pregnancy. This theory is simplistic as it is based on limited information and does not consider the role of other T cell subsets, Th17 and Tregs. A range of maternal peripheral cytokines have been measured in pregnancy cohorts, albeit the changes in individual cytokine concentrations across gestation is not well summarised. Using available data, this review was aimed at summarising changes in individual maternal serum cytokine concentrations throughout healthy pregnancy and evaluating their association with preeclampsia. We report that TNF-
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.