ArticleInternational journal of pediatrics2021
Individual- and Community-Level Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.
Article in International journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A mixed effect hierarchical analysis to quantify variation on childhood diarrhea prevalence in Mauritania: evidence from the Mauritania demographic and health survey 2019-2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Environmental risk factors associated with community diarrheal disease in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of diarrhea and its associated factors among children under five years in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Prevalence of diarrhoea and treatment-seeking practices among children <2 years of age in the Birhan cohort, Ethiopia, 2018-19.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Spatio-temporal distributions and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A multilevel analysis of the predictors of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Eswatini.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Risk factors for acute diarrhoea in children between 0 and 23 months of age in a peri-urban district of Pakistan: a matched case-control study.International health · 2023Article
- Exploring the Association between Ambient Temperature and Daily Hospital Admissions for Diarrhea in Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fatty Acid Transfer from Blood to Milk Is Disrupted in Mothers with Low Milk Production, Obesity, and Inflammation.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundDiarrhea is the second cause of child deaths globally. According to World Health Organization reports, in each year, it kills more than 525,000 children under 5 years. More than half of these deaths occur in five countries including Ethiopia. This study is aimed at identifying both individual- and community-level risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia.
methodsEthiopian demography and health survey of 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 10,641 children aged 0-59 months were included in the analysis. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify both individual- and community-level risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea.
resultThe incidence of childhood diarrhea was 12% (95% CI: 11.39, 12.63). The random-effects model revealed that 67% of the variability of childhood diarrhea was explained by individual- and community-level factors. From the individual-level factors, children aged 36-59 months (AOR = 3.166; 95% CI: 2.569, 3.900), twin child (AOR = 1.871; 95% CI: 1.390, 2.527), birth order 5 and above (AOR = 2.210, 95% CI: 1.721, 2.839), not received any vaccination (AOR = 1.197; 95% CI: 1.190, 1.527), smaller size of child at birth (AOR = 1.303; 95% CI: 1.130, 1.504), and never breastfed children (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI: 2.380, 3.567) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. From the community-level factors, living in a rural area (AOR = 1.505; 95% CI: 1.233, 1.836)), unprotected source of drinking water (AOR = 1.289; 95% CI: 1.060, 1.567), and availability of unimproved latrine facilities (OR: 1.289; 95% CI: 1.239, 1.759) associated with the higher incidence of childhood diarrhea. Besides, children who live in Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, SNNPR, and Dire Dawa regions had higher incidence of childhood diarrhea.
conclusionThe incidence of childhood diarrhea was different from cluster to cluster in Ethiopia. Therefore, integrated child health intervention programs including provisions of toilet facility, access to a clean source of drinking water, educate parents about the importance of breastfeeding, and vaccination have to be strongly implemented in order to reduce the high incidence of childhood diarrhea among children in Ethiopia.
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