ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis: a focus on innovative and targeted approaches.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Systemic microbial antigen administration ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via MHC-II downregulation in the CNS and secondary lymphoid organs.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Antigen-Specific Inverse Vaccination Strategies Using Particle Systems for Multiple Sclerosis.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Reprogramming autoimmunity: inducing antigen-specific tolerance via apoptotic mimicry in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Exosomes in neuron-glia communication: A review on neurodegeneration.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Review
- Engineering chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells for targeted B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis model: AnHeliyon · 2023Article
- CARs: a new approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of antigen-induced reversal of CNS inflammation in experimental demyelinating disease.Science advances · 2023Article
- Delivery route considerations for designing antigen-specific biomaterial strategies to combat autoimmunity.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2023Article
- Enhancing the functionality of self-assembled immune signals using chemical crosslinks.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- RETRACTED: Oral Administration of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Induction of Th2/Treg Cells and Suppression of Th1/Th17 Immune Responses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Synergistic targeting of immunologic pathways to empower durable tolerance therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Histamine and Multiple Sclerosis Alliance: Pleiotropic Actions and Functional Validation.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
- Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and a Novel Treatment Approach in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen-specific therapy for multiple sclerosis may lead to a more effective therapy by induction of tolerance to a wide range of myelin-derived antigens without hampering the normal surveillance and effector function of the immune system. Numerous attempts to restore tolerance toward myelin-derived antigens have been made over the past decades, both in animal models of multiple sclerosis and in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis patients. In this review, we will give an overview of the current approaches for antigen-specific therapy that are in clinical development for multiple sclerosis as well provide an insight into the challenges for future antigen-specific treatment strategies for multiple sclerosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.