ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
GM-CSF Expression and Macrophage Polarization in Joints of Undifferentiated Arthritis Patients Evolving to Rheumatoid Arthritis or Psoriatic Arthritis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Resveratrol Ameliorates Hypertrophic Scar Formation by Regulating ASIC3-Mediated Fibroblast-Macrophage Crosstalk: A Mechanistic Study.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Article
- Macrophage Plasticity: Phenotypic and Functional Profiles Across Pathological Microenvironments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tofacitinib repairs inflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation in GM-CSF-reprogrammed RA macrophages.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- The Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Management of Dactylitis and Enthesitis in Psoriatic Arthritis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Reduced fibroblast-derived IGFBP5 is associated with pathogenic synovial fibroblast states and altered macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase-12 in arterial diseases: context-dependent mechanisms of vascular remodeling and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- From IL-23/IL-17 to GM-CSF: how is the immuno-inflammatory continuum reshaped in spondyloarthritis?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Profiling of Cytokines and Growth Factors: Pathogenic Roles and Clinical Applications in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Fluorescent probes in autoimmune disease research: current status and future prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- PLC and PAD2 Regulate Extracellular Calcium-Triggered Release of Macrophage Extracellular DNA Traps.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- IgA2 ACPA Drives a Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages via ATP Synthase and COX2.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Integrated Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals a Pathological Niche Formed by FAP+ Fibroblasts, Immune, and Endothelial Cells in Psoriatic Lesions.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Effect of colony‑stimulating factor in the mechanism of bone metastasis development (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Serum GM-CSF level is a predictor of treatment response to tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective observational cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: GM-CSF-dependent macrophage polarization has been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to seek diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for undifferentiated arthritis (UA) by analyzing GM-CSF expression and source, macrophage polarization and density in joints of patients with UA evolving to RA or PsA compared with established RA or PsA, respectively. Methods: Synovial tissue (ST) from patients with UA evolving to RA (UA>RA, n=8), PsA (UA>PsA, n=9), persistent UA (UA, n=16), established RA (n=12) and PsA (n=10), and healthy controls (n=6), were analyzed. Cell source and quantitative expression of GM-CSF and proteins associated with pro-inflammatory (GM-CSF-driven) and anti-inflammatory (M-CSF-driven) macrophage polarization (activin A, TNFα, MMP12, and CD209, respectively) were assessed in ST CD163 Results: Synovial stromal cells (FAP Conclusions: GM-CSF is highly expressed by sublining CD90
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Registered trials
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