ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Modulation of Immune Responses by Particle Size and Shape.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 311 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Conserved Influenza Epitopes Delivered via MHC-I-Functionalized Nanocarriers Induce Influenza-Specific CTL Responses.Immune network · 2026Article
- A self-assembled protein nanocage as a universal influenza vaccine induces enhanced broadly cross-reactive immunity.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Autoantigen-loaded Polymeric Microparticles associate with B cells and promote tolerogenic antigen presentation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Design and characterization of in situ cell-penetrating multi-modal gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for MR and CT imaging.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Immune Roles of Canonically Non-Immune Cells in Biomaterials Response.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Bioinspired oxidized mRNA lipid nanoparticles for ex vivo engineering of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages targeting solid tumors.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Needle-Free Injection Enhances the Immunogenicity and Antitumor Efficacy of Whole-Cell Tumor Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Inhaled nucleic acid delivery systems for the treatment of pulmonary interstitial diseases: Challenges and opportunities.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Ferritin nanoparticles displaying rift valley fever virus glycoprotein elicit potent dendritic cell activation in vitro.Virology journal · 2026Article
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Dual-stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery in stroke.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Programmable Antigen-Specific Immunity via Self-Adjuvanting Nanovaccines Co-Delivering Immune Modulators.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Cytosolic Delivery of a Bithiophene Derivative via Polymersomes KillsACS applied nano materials · 2026Article
- Investigating the In Vitro Immunomodulatory Potential of Microparticulate β-L-Adenosine in Particulate Vaccine Candidates.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Micro- and Nanoplastics and Pulmonary Health: The Current State of Research.Microplastics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- DNA origami vaccines program antigen-focused germinal centers.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system has to cope with a wide range of irregularly shaped pathogens that can actively move (e.g., by flagella) and also dynamically remodel their shape (e.g., transition from yeast-shaped to hyphal fungi). The goal of this review is to draw general conclusions of how the size and geometry of a pathogen affect its uptake and processing by phagocytes of the immune system. We compared both theoretical and experimental studies with different cells, model particles, and pathogenic microbes (particularly fungi) showing that particle size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness are important parameters for cellular uptake and subsequent immune responses, particularly inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles affect immune responses can aid the design of better vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.