ArticleCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada2021
Findings among Indigenous participants of the Tracks survey of people who inject drugs in Canada, Phase 4, 2017-2019.
Article in Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Systematic Review of the Measurement of Stigma Associated With People Living With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Viruses.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Pooled it
- Perinatal and early infant outcomes after first-versus second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor use in pregnancy.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Game Changers in the Treatment of and Engagement With Persons Living With Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: The Role of the Nurse.International journal of mental health nursing · 2026Review
- Evolution and Possible Explanations for the Trends in New HIV Diagnoses in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, Compared to the Rest of Canada, 1985-2022.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
- Hepatitis C Diagnosis and Treatment Among Indigenous People in a Canadian Context: Challenges and Community-Led Solutions.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- How Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing is used in Indigenous health research: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Summary findings from Tracks surveys implemented by First Nations in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, 2018-2020.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Tracks survey of people who inject drugs (PWID) collected data in 14 sentinel sites across Canada (2017-2019). These findings describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours among Indigenous participants.
methodsInformation regarding socio-demographics, social determinants of health, use of prevention services and testing, drug use, risk behaviours, and HIV and hepatitis C testing, care and treatment was collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Biological samples were tested for HIV, hepatitis C antibodies and hepatitis C ribonucleic acid (RNA). Descriptive statistics were calculated and reviewed by an Indigenous-led advisory group using the Two-Eyed Seeing approach.
resultsOf the 2,383 participants, 997 were Indigenous (82.9% First Nations, 14.9% Métis, 2.2% Inuit). Over half (54.5%) were cisgender male and the average age was 38.9 years. A large proportion (84.0%) reported their mental health as "fair to excellent". High proportions experienced stigma and discrimination (90.2%) and physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in childhood (87.5%) or with a sexual partner (78.6%). Use of a needle/syringe distribution program (90.5%) and testing for HIV (87.9%) and hepatitis C (87.8%) were high. Prevalence of HIV was 15.4% (78.2% were aware of infection status) and 36.4% were hepatitis C RNA-positive (49.4% were aware of infection status).
conclusionHigh rates of HIV and hepatitis C were identified. Challenges in access to and maintenance of HIV and hepatitis C care and treatment were noted. This information informs harm reduction strategies, including the need to scale-up awareness of prophylaxis in a culturally relevant manner.
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