ArticleGeoJournal2022
COVID-19 outbreak and Urban dynamics: regional variations in India.
Article in GeoJournal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Sub-national landscape on the years of life lost due to COVID-19 pandemic in the major cities of Southern Philippines.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Regional variation in the utilization of nursing home care in Germany.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- Cross-cultural comparison of sports anxiety among Indian and Polish sports players in a post-COVID world: a pilot study.Health psychology report · 2025Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Dependent Modulation in Vital Components of the Serum Profile of Severely SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Regional differences in health screening participation between before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2023Article
- The Gendered Consequences of COVID-19 for Internal Migration.Population research and policy review · 2023Article
- Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Spatiotemporal pattern of Covid-19 outbreak in Turkey.GeoJournal · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of the morbidity of global Omicron from November 2021 to February 2022.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- What have we learned about socioeconomic inequalities in the spread of COVID-19? A systematic review.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
- Impact of urbanisation and environmental factors on spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases during the early phase of epidemic in Singapore.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Strategies comparison in response to the two waves of COVID-19 in the United States and India.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Evolution of the pandemic: Analysis of demographic characteristics of COVID-19-infected patients during its two waves in Gwalior district of central India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Quantifying the impact of regional variations in COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations across Ireland.European journal of public health · 2022Article
- Factors that most expose countries to COVID-19: a composite indicators-based approach.GeoJournal · 2022Article
- Analysing the reported incidence of COVID-19 and factors associated in the World Health Organization African region as of 31 December 2020.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Propagation Analysis of COVID-19: An SIR Model-Based Investigation of the Pandemic.Arabian journal for science and engineering · 2021Article
- Community Preparedness and Practices for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (COP-COVID): An Assessment from Rural Northern India.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
India was the second highest COVID-19 affected country in the world with 2.1 million cases by 11th August. This study focused on the spatial transmission of the pandemic among the 640 districts in India over time, and aimed to understand the urban-centric nature of the infection. The connectivity context was emphasized that possibly had inflicted the outbreak. Using the modes of transmission data for the available cases, the diffusion of this disease was explained. Metropolitans contributed three-fourths of total cases from the beginning. The transport networks attributed significantly in transmitting the virus from the urban containment zones. Later, there was a gradual shift of infections from urban to rural areas; however, the numbers kept increasing in the former. The massive reverse migration after lockdown spiked the infected cases further. Districts with airports reported more with influx of international passengers. A profound east-west division in April with higher infections in the southern and western districts existed. By mid-May eastern India saw a steep rise in active cases. Moran's I analysis showed a low autocorrelation initially which increased over time. Hotspot clustering was observed in western Maharashtra, eastern Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and around Kolkata by the second week of August. The diffusion was due to travel, exposure to infected individuals and among the frontline workers. Spatial regression models confirmed that urbanization was positively correlated with higher incidences of infections. Transit mediums, especially rail and aviation were positively associated. These models validated the crucial role of spatial proximity in diffusion of the pandemic.
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