ReviewHuman cell2021
COVID-19 vaccines: rapid development, implications, challenges and future prospects.
Review in Human cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Indian context: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Absence of autoantibodies linked to cancer and autoimmune disorders 26 weeks after BNT162b2 boosting in CoronaVac- primed individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Opinions, Attitudes, and Hesitancy Concern the Vaccination for COVID-19 Among Students of 'Alexander Xhuvani' University, Elbasan.Nursing open · 2026Article
- The effect of Covid-19 vaccines on semen parameters of patients undergoing infertility investigations: a self-controlled before-and-after study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Intranasal immunization with live-attenuated RSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immunity and protects against viral challenge and natural infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Investigating Parental Perception and Intentions Toward COVID-19 Vaccination for Children in Ras Al Khaimah.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Expanding SARS-CoV-2 antigen targets beyond spike using a baculovirus expression system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Future-Proofing European Pharmaceutical Regulatory and Market Access Practices Based on EU Learnings from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Multi-Stakeholder Interviews.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Attenuated Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Vaccination Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Mammals.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine type on morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study in Egypt.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The CDC's management and COVID-19 vaccine recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic: A healthcare worker's perspective.PloS one · 2026Article
- Leveraging complex network features improves vaccine stance classification.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Attitudes and acceptance of vaccination against neglected tropical diseases: A multi-country study in Asia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Italian university students: Insights from history to shape the future.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Balancing strategies in vaccination and mask-wearing for Chinese medical staff in post-COVID-19 era: a modelling study and cost-effectiveness analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- A Spike-Accum bioconjugate protein vaccine confers potent SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity.iScience · 2025Article
- Transfection Technologies for Next-Generation Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people and put an unparalleled burden on healthcare systems as well as economies throughout the world. Currently, there is no decisive therapy for COVID-19 or related complications. The only hope to mitigate this pandemic is through vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines are being developed rapidly, compared to traditional vaccines, and are being approved via Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) worldwide. So far, there are 232 vaccine candidates. One hundred and seventy-two are in preclinical development and 60 in clinical development, of which 9 are approved under EUA by different countries. This includes the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Canada, Russia, China, and India. Distributing vaccination to all, with a safe and efficacious vaccine is the leading priority for all nations to combat this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the current accelerated process of COVID-19 vaccine development and EUA has many unanswered questions. In addition, the change in strain of SARS-CoV-2 in UK and South Africa, and its increasing spread across the world have raised more challenges, both for the vaccine developers as well as the governments across the world. In this review, we have discussed the different type of vaccines with examples of COVID-19 vaccines, their rapid development compared to the traditional vaccine, associated challenges, and future prospects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.