ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Aflatoxin exposure and child nutrition: measuring anthropometric and long-bone growth over time in Nepal.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03312049 (Relationship Between Maternal Exposure to Mycotoxins, Birth Outcomes and Stunting in Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Relationship Between Maternal Exposure to Mycotoxins, Birth Outcomes and Stunting in Infants: A Birth Cohort Study in Nepal
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse health effects associated with mycotoxin exposure.Environment international · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and mortality of acute aflatoxicosis: A systematic review.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review with meta-analysis of the relation of aflatoxin B1 to growth impairment in infants/children.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and citrinin in women and children and associated health risk characterization: blood biomonitoring evidence from rural Bangladesh.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Maternal Aflatoxin Exposure, Birth Outcomes, and Infant Growth in Uganda.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Comparison of Aflatoxin Contamination and Dietary Exposure From Complementary Foods Among Rural Tanzanian Infants Enrolled in the Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Difficulties in Demonstrating That Aflatoxin Reduction Improves Stunting in Developing World Regions.Toxins · 2026Review
- Maize consumption and circulating aflatoxin levels in Mexican middle- and older-aged adults: a cross-sectional analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- The Detoxification Effects of Melatonin on Aflatoxin-Caused Toxic Effects and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mycotoxins in Food: Cancer Risks and Strategies for Control.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The occurrence and human health risk assessment of total and aflatoxin BScientific reports · 2024Article
- Aflatoxins in Peanut (ACS omega · 2024Review
- Effects of aflatoxin and fumonisin on gene expression of growth factors and inflammation-related genes in a human hepatocyte cell line.Mutagenesis · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Aflatoxins Occurrence and Exposure in Cereal-Based Baby Foods: An Update Review.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Aflatoxin exposure in adults in southern and eastern Mexico in 2018: A descriptive study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Article
- Maternal exposure to multiple mycotoxins and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study in rural Bangladesh.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
- Assessment of multiple mycotoxin exposure and its association with food consumption: a human biomonitoring study in a pregnant cohort in rural Bangladesh.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Exposure to multiple mycotoxins, environmental enteric dysfunction and child growth: Results from the AflaCohort Study in Banke, Nepal.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Prenatal, Perinatal, and Early-Life Aflatoxin BCurrent developments in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNaturally occurring aflatoxins may contribute to poor growth and nutritional statuses in children.
objectivesWe analyzed the relationship between contemporary and lagged aflatoxin exposure and 1) length-for-age z-score (LAZ); and 2) length, knee-heel length, stunting, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and weight-for-length z-score (WLZ).
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study involving 1675 mother-infant dyads in rural Nepal. Participants were repeatedly visited from pregnancy to 2 years of age (2015-2019). One blood sample was collected during pregnancy and 4 samples were collected from the children at 3, 6, 12, and 18-22 months of age to measure concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-lysine adduct. Multivariate linear fixed-effects and logistic models with generalized estimating equations were used to identify associations between child growth and aflatoxin exposure.
resultsAFB1-lysine adducts were detected in the majority of children (at 3 months, 80.5%; at 6 months, 75.3%; at 12 months, 81.1%; and at 18-22 months, 85.1%) and in 94.3% of pregnant women. Changes in contemporary ln child AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations were significantly associated with changes in LAZ (β, -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.02; P = 0.003), length (β, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.10; P < 0.001), knee-heel length (β, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.05; P < 0.001), and WAZ (β, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.005; P = 0.022). Serum aflatoxin concentrations were associated with stunting (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32; P = 0.005). Similar results were found in the models using changes in contemporary ln AFB1 adjusted for changes in child weight, with significant associations with changes in WLZ (β, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.10 to -0.03; P < 0.001). Changes in time-lagged ln AFB1 (unadjusted and adjusted for changes in child weight) were associated with changes in length and knee-heel length.
conclusionsOur results add to the growing body of evidence confirming chronic aflatoxin exposure and suggest that exposure is significantly correlated with various negative growth outcomes, which may vary by child weight status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03312049.
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