Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33677077›Full record

ArticleThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice2021

The Psychosocial Burden of Food Allergy Among Adults: A US Population-Based Study.

Christopher Warren, Ashley Dyer, Lisa Lombard, Audrey Dunn-Galvin, Ruchi Gupta

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Confronting fear and uncertainty: adults' experiences of undergoing a food challenge test for food allergy.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026
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  12. US food allergy patients' experiences, priorities, and needs: A qualitative study.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The Psychosocial Burden of Pediatric Food Allergy in the United States: A Population-Based Survey.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025
    Article
  17. Management of children with food allergies by allergists in the United States.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025
    Article
  18. Community and academic allergists' perspectives on integrating biologics into food allergy care: A qualitative study.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Anxiety among youth with food allergy.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Christopher WarrenCenter for Food Allergy & Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
Ashley DyerCenter for Food Allergy & Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Lisa LombardCenter for Food Allergy & Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Audrey Dunn-GalvinSchool of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Ruchi GuptaCenter for Food Allergy & Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: r-gupta@northwestern.edu.
Northwestern University · USUniversity College Cork · IE

Funding

US Prevalence, Distribution and Determinants of Adult and Childhood Food AllergyR21AI135702 · NIAID · LURIE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO · PI GUPTA, RUCHI S · 2018 to 2019
$433k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI135702
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFood allergy (FA) affects >25 million US adults, resulting in substantial health care utilization. Data suggest that patients with FA suffer impairments in FA-related quality of life (FAQoL); however, little is known regarding psychosocial impacts of FA among US adults.

objectiveTo characterize FAQoL among a large, nationally representative adult sample, and its determinants, including sociodemographic characteristics, severity, comorbid conditions, allergic symptoms, number and type of allergens, and health care utilization.

methodsA survey was administered between October 2015 and September 2016 to a nationally representative sample of US households. Survey constructs included the Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM), which was developed to quantify adverse impacts of living with FA on patient quality of life. FAIM responses were analyzed from adults reporting current FA (N = 6207). Linear regression models examined associations with sociodemographic and FA characteristics.

resultsThe overall estimated mean FAIM score was 2.87 (95% confidence interval: 2.83-2.90). FAIM scores (range = 1-7) in adjusted models were invariant by race/ethnicity, private/public insurance status, and census division. Significant differences (P < .05) by lower household income, lower age, and greater education emerged, resulting in higher FAIM scores indicating FAQoL impairment. Among major food allergens, wheat, soy, and milk allergies were each associated with the greatest increases in adjusted FAIM scores. Reporting a current epinephrine autoinjector (EAI) prescription, severe allergic reaction history, history of EAI use, FA-related emergency department visits, or more FAs were also associated with significantly higher FAIM scores.

conclusionThe population-level psychosocial burden of adults with FA is substantial, broadly distributed, and differs by demographic and allergic disease characteristics.

Indexed as

Food HypersensitivityQuality of LifeAdultAllergensHumansPatient Acceptance of Health CareSurveys and QuestionnairesAllergensFood allergyPopulation healthPsychosocial burdenQuality of life

Identifiers

PMID33677077
PMCPMC9190169
OpenAlexW3134019617

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.