ArticleVaccine2021
A validated modification of the vaccine hesitancy scale for childhood, influenza and HPV vaccines.
Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Narrative Reminder Recall to Improve Pediatric Influenza Vaccination: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Gender-neutral prevention: HPV vaccination willingness and related cancer awareness among Chinese parents of boys and girls.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Vaccine Knowledge, Hesitancy, and Conspiracy Beliefs on COVID-19, Influenza, and HPV Vaccination.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Rural targeted messaging, multiplex salivary measurement, and rural equity in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing: Protocol overview of a SeroNet investigation.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- What do parents of school-aged children want to know about HPV vaccination in Canada? Results of an online survey on Facebook.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Evaluating vaccine hesitancy in transgender and gender diverse patients at a gender-affirming clinic in New Mexico, USA.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Potential acceptance of HPV vaccination at ages 9-10 in the United States among parents of HPV vaccine-naïve children.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccination in rural Malawi: Identifying factors associated with vaccine uptake using a community-based household survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Validation of a parent HPV vaccine misperceptions scale and its association with children's HPV vaccination status.Vaccine · 2025Article
- The persuasiveness of vaccine focused social media posts to parents of adolescents.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Culturally targeted messaging and racial equity in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by multiplex salivary measurement: Protocol overview of a SeroNet investigation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Low parental income level is associated with pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the San Francisco Bay area.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Barriers and Predictors of Lyme Disease Vaccine Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Self-perceptions of aging mediate the association between illness perception and influenza vaccine hesitancy in older adults with pneumonia during the 2024-2025 influenza season.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Negative vaccine sentiments on South African social media platforms before the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
- Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of community paramedicine programs in achieving vaccination equity: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Trust in health workers and patient-centeredness of care were strongest factors associated with vaccination for Kenyan children born between 2017-2022.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Social media use and vaccination among Democrats and Republicans: Informational and normative influences.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents of Children Younger than 12 Years: Experience from a Tertiary Outpatient Clinic.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women's Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionVaccine hesitancy contributes to outbreaks of preventable disease worldwide. The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), developed by the international WHO SAGE Working Group, has been validated previously for measuring hesitancy towards childhood vaccines; some psychometric properties were suboptimal.
methodsWe collected data using large, nationally-representative samples of parents in the U.S. We adapted the VHS items, and additional hesitancy items, to assess hesitancy towards influenza and HPV vaccines in addition to routine childhood vaccines. We then used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to identify latent constructs and create modified scales for childhood (VHS-child), influenza (VHS-flu) and HPV (VHS-HPV) vaccines with improved psychometric properties. Finally, we compared hesitancy scores on the VHS-child, VHS-flu, and VHS-HPV, to self-reported receipt of each vaccine category, and compared subscale scores to assess whether drivers of hesitancy differed by vaccine category.
results2052 parents of children <18 years old completed the VHS-child and VHS-flu while 2020 parents of adolescents completed the VHS-HPV. A two-factor structure of 'risks' and a 'lack of confidence' was found for each vaccine category. Slight modifications to the VHS improved psychometric properties. Hesitancy was strongly associated with vaccine receipt: e.g., 76% of parents not hesitant towards influenza vaccine had vaccinated their child the past season, versus 9% of hesitant parents (p < 0.0001). Subscale scores also differed significantly between vaccines: lack of confidence was greater towards influenza (Median (IQR): 2.0 (1.2, 3.3)) and HPV (2.0 (1.3, 3.0)) vaccines than childhood (1.2 (1.0, 1.8), p < 0.0001 for both) vaccines; perceived risks of HPV vaccines (2.7 (1.7, 3.7)) were greater than for childhood vaccines (2.0 (1.3, 3.0), p < 0.0001).
conclusionsOur modified VHS scales perform well psychometrically and allow for consistent measurement of the extent and reasons for hesitancy between vaccine categories. We suggest that future work use these scales to examine hesitancy towards other vaccines and to monitor hesitancy over time.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.