ReviewVaccine2021
Vaccines based on replication incompetent Ad26 viral vectors: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment.
Review in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Early transcriptional responses following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.EBioMedicine · 2026Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity and pregnancy outcomes in mothers and infants after vaccination with an adenovirus-vector COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S in adolescents: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of 3 formulations of a Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine produced on the PER.C6® cell line: A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled study in infants vaccinated at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Impact of Preexisting Anti-Adenovirus 26 Humoral Immunity on Immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Interim Results of a Phase 1-2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Mucosal immunization with an adenoviral vector expressing a prefusogenic F protein protects the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cotton rats against live respiratory syncytial virus challenge.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The role of naturally occurring and vaccine-induced Ad26 neutralizing antibodies in immunogenicity of Ad26-based vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The vaccine platform used for COVID-19 primary immunization shapes the quality of the human B cell response to a vaccine boost.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Non-Clinical Safety of GRAd Vector-Based COVID-19 and HIV Vaccines Supports a Platform Regulatory Approach.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndrome 2011 to 2022: English Sentinel Network Cohort Studies.Drug safety · 2025Article
- [Platform technologies in vaccine development].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Review
- Understanding the performance of HIV-1 viral vector vaccines: adenovirus and poxvirus case studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Animal Trypanosomiasis: Challenges and Prospects for New Vaccination Strategies.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Mucosal adenovirus vaccine boosting elicits IgA and durably prevents XBB.1.16 infection in nonhuman primates.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Viral vector- and virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases: A minireview.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors have been under investigation as a platform to carry a variety of transgenes, and express them as a basis for vaccine development. A replication-incompetent adenoviral vector based on human adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) has been evaluated in several clinical trials. The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) was formed to evaluate the safety and features of recombinant viral vector vaccines. This paper reviews features of the Ad26 vectors, including tabulation of safety and risk assessment characteristics of Ad26-based vaccines. In the Ad26 vector, deletion of E1 gene rendering the vector replication incompetent is combined with additional genetic engineering for vaccine manufacturability and transgene expression optimization. These vaccines can be manufactured in mammalian cell lines at scale providing an effective, flexible system for high-yield manufacturing. Ad26 vector vaccines have favorable thermostability profiles, compatible with vaccine supply chains. Safety data are compiled in the Ad26 vaccine safety database version 4.0, with unblinded data from 23 ongoing and completed clinical studies for 3912 participants in five different Ad26-based vaccine programs. Overall, Ad26-based vaccines have been well tolerated, with no significant safety issues identified. Evaluation of Ad26-based vaccines is continuing, with >114,000 participants vaccinated as of 4th September 2020. Extensive evaluation of immunogenicity in humans shows strong, durable humoral and cellular immune responses. Clinical trials have not revealed impact of pre-existing immunity to Ad26 on vaccine immunogenicity, even in the presence of Ad26 neutralizing antibody titers or Ad26-targeting T cell responses at baseline. The first Ad26-based vaccine, against Ebola virus, received marketing authorization from EC on 1st July 2020, as part of the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen. New developments based on Ad26 vectors are underway, including a COVID-19 vaccine, which is currently in phase 3 of clinical evaluation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.