ArticleBMC emergency medicine2021
Bomb blast: imaging findings, treatment and clinical course of extremity traumas.
Article in BMC emergency medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pattern of blast injuries. A Systematic Review: Part 1-Improvised, multiple and unspecified explosive devices.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Pooled it
- Civilian Fatalities Resulting From an Accidental Explosion: An Autopsy Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2025Article
- The portrayal of injuries to the extremities and their reconstruction in times of conflict (Khartoum, Sudan): a cross-sectional.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Electro-spun piezoelectric PLLA smart composites as a scaffold on bone fracture: A review.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Five-Year Review of Pediatric Vascular Trauma Patterns and Management in Conflict Zones: Insights from Somalia.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Our experience with blast and gunshot induced traumatic vascular injuries at Somalia's major vascular referral center.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Beirut ammonium nitrate blast: A multicenter study to assess injury characteristics and outcomes.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and comparative outcome of blast versus gunshot injuries of the extremities in Somalia.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Low-cost locally manufacturable unilateral imperial external fixator for low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in medical technology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo describe the severity and types of blast-related extremity injuries and the presence of accompanying vascular injuries (VI) and amputation, and to identify the associated factors affecting the treatment management and clinical course.
methodsThe study included 101 patients with extremity injuries caused by a bomb explosion. The radiographs and computed tomography angiographies of the patients were evaluated in terms of injury patterns, presence of penetrating fragments and fractures, and localization (upper or lower extremity) and type (open or closed) of injury. The Gustilo-Anderson classification was used for open fractures. According to their severity, open fractures classified as types 1 and 2 were included in Group 1 and those classified as type 3A, 3B and 3C in Group 2.
resultsAs a result of blast exposure, 101 (57.7%) patients had extremity injuries, of which 76 (75.2%) presented with at least one fracture. Of the total of 103 fractures, nine (8.8%) were closed and 94 (91.2%) were open. Thirty-eight (40.4%) of the open fractures were located in the upper extremities, and 56 (59.6%) in the lower extremities and pelvis. Open fractures were most frequently localized in the femur (n = 20; 21.2%), followed by the tibia (n = 18; 19.1%). The majority of patients with open fractures were in Group 1 (71.4%). The duration of hospital stay was longer in Group 2 (12.1 ± 5.8 vs. 6.3 ± 6.7 days, p < 0.0001, respectively). Mortality among patients in Group 2 (45.0%) was significantly higher than in Group 1 (8.0%) (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the injury severity score (ISS) was higher in Group 2 (median 20 vs. 9, p < 0.0001). VI was present in 13 (12.9%) of all patients, and amputation in seven (7.9%).
conclusionThe presence of severe open fractures, VI, and high ISS score can be considered as important factors that increase morbidity and mortality. In extremity traumas, through the secondary blast mechanism, contaminated-fragmented tissue injuries occur. Therefore, we believe that it will be beneficial to apply damage control surgery in places with low socioeconomic level and poor hygienic conditions.
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