SynthesisJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2021
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Genetically Informed Research: Associations Between Parent Anxiety and Offspring Internalizing Problems.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood internalising symptoms at ages 3 and 6: a meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations from cord and peripheral blood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Pooled it
- Changes in young children's behavior following COVID-19 pandemic onset: A tale of three cities.Child development · 2026Article
- Threshold-Dependent Links Between Attachment Insecurity and Internalizing Symptoms: The Role of Emotion Regulation in Clinical Youth.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Maternal Distress Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Young Children's Behavior.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2026Article
- ABA-based teacher training reduces emotional and behavioral problems in Brazilian children.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026Article
- Managing anxiety-related disorders from pregnancy to parenthood.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Review
- Early environmental risks and the developmental dynamics of internalizing and externalizing problems from birth to adolescence.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- How parental educational anxiety fuels adolescent depression: the mediating chain of moral disengagement and negative coping, and the buffering role of psychological resilience.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Parental Mental Health Diagnoses, Trauma, and Coping Mechanisms on Their Children's Well-Being.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Economic hardships during COVID-19 and maternal mental health: Combining samples with low incomes across three cities.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Prenatal maternal stress: triangulating evidence for intrauterine exposure effects on birth and early childhood outcomes across multiple approaches.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Polygenic Nature of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Variants, Immunological Modulation, and Environmental Connections.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Does It Take a Village? The Impact of LGBTQ+ Community and Geographic Location on Associations among Parenting Stress, Parent Mental Health, and Child Adjustment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Maternal psychological distress and temperament traits in children from infancy to late childhood.JCPP advances · 2024Article
- Deciphering and Targeting the ESR2-miR-10a-5p-BDNF Axis in the Prefrontal Cortex: Advancing Postpartum Depression Understanding and Therapeutics.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression Based on Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Co-Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Distress and Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: Associations with Self-Harm and Suicide Attempts.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Towards a deeper understanding of nature and nurture: combining family-based quasi-experimental methods with genomic data.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveParent anxiety is associated with offspring internalizing problems (emotional problems related to anxiety and depression). This may reflect causal processes, whereby exposure to parent anxiety directly influences offspring internalizing (and/or vice versa). However, parent-offspring associations could also be attributable to their genetic relatedness. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate whether exposure to parent anxiety is associated with offspring internalizing after controlling for genetic relatedness.
methodA literature search across 5 databases identified 429 unique records. Publications were retained if they used a quasi-experimental design in a general population sample to control for participant relatedness in associations between parent anxiety and offspring internalizing outcomes. Publications were excluded if they involved an experimental exposure or intervention. Studies of prenatal and postnatal anxiety exposure were meta-analyzed separately. Pearson's correlation coefficient estimates (r) were pooled using multilevel random-effects models.
resultsEight publications were retained. Data were drawn from 4 population cohorts, each unique to a quasi-experimental design: adoption, sibling-comparison, children-of-twins or in vitro fertilization. Cohorts were located in northern Europe or America. Families were predominantly of European ancestry. Three publications (N
conclusionInitial literature, derived from homogeneous populations, suggests that prenatal anxiety exposure does not cause offspring internalizing outcomes. However, postnatal anxiety exposure may be causally associated with concurrent offspring internalizing via nongenetic pathways. Longitudinal stability, child-to-parent effects, and the role of moderators and methodological biases require attention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.