ArticleMolecular neurobiology2021
Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways Are New Drug Targets in Multiple Episode Schizophrenia and Leaky Gut, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and C1q Immune Complexes Are Additional Drug Targets in First Episode Schizophrenia.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Importance of the dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway on cognition in schizophrenia: a systematic review of clinical studies.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia: meta-analysis reveals dissociations between central, serum, and plasma compartments.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Memory and learning impairments in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia: a scoping review.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2026Review
- Review
- Bacillus coagulans alleviates hepatic injury caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in rabbits.PloS one · 2025Article
- Interaction between serum inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cognitive function among first-episode schizophrenia patients.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Identification of Immune-Related Gene Signature in Schizophrenia.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Iron Ion Homeostasis in Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Loss of C1q alters the auditory brainstem response.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Gold Standard Diagnosis of Schizophrenia is Counterproductive: Towards Quantitative Research and Diagnostic Algorithmic Rules (RADAR) and their Derived Qualitative Distinct Classes.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Neurobiochemical Disturbances in Psychosis and their Implications for Therapeutic Intervention.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Metergoline Shares Properties with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Identified by Gene Expression Signature Screen.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- Association of elevated levels of peripheral complement components with cortical thinning and impaired logical memory in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- The Inflammatory Signals Associated with Psychosis: Impact of Comorbid Drug Abuse.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- In Mild and Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke, Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Are Strongly Associated with Disabilities and Final Stroke Core Volume.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Predict Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis.Cells · 2022Article
- In Schizophrenia, the Effects of the IL-6/IL-23/Th17 Axis on Health-Related Quality of Life and Disabilities Are Partly Mediated by Generalized Cognitive Decline and the Symptomatome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside.Metabolic brain disease · 2022Review
- Lowered Quality of Life in Long COVID Is Predicted by Affective Symptoms, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Inflammation and Neuroimmunotoxic Pathways.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Interactions Among Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuroimmune Pathways Are Key Components of the Major Psychiatric Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breakdown of paracellular and vascular pathways and activated neuroimmune and oxidative pathways was established in (deficit) schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to delineate (a) the differences in these pathways between stable-phase, first (FES) and multiple (MES) episode schizophrenia and (b) the pathways that determine the behavioral-cognitive-physical-psychosocial (BCPS) deterioration in FES/MES. This study included 21 FES and 58 FES patients and 40 healthy controls and measured indicants of serum C1q circulating immune complexes (CIC), leaky gut, immune activation, and oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX). We constructed a BCPS-worsening index by extracting a latent vector from symptomatic, neurocognitive, and quality of life data. FES was associated with higher IgA CIC-C1q, IgA directed to cadherin, catenin, and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein, and IgA/IgM to Gram-negative bacteria as compared with FES and controls. In FES patients, the BCPS-worsening score was predicted (48.7%) by IgA to Klebsiella pneumoniae and lowered paraoxonase 1 activity. In MES patients, the BCPS-worsening score was explained (42.7%) by increased tumor necrosis factor-α, OSTOX, and number of episodes. In schizophrenia, 34.0% of the variance in the BCPS-worsening score was explained by IgA to K. pneumoniae, OSTOX, and number of episodes. Increased IgA to K. pneumoniae was the single best predictor of residual psychotic symptoms in FES and MES. This study delineated different mechanistic processes in FES, including breakdown of adherens junctions, bacterial translocation, and IgA CIC-C1q formation, and MES, including immune and oxidative neurotoxic pathways. FES and MES comprise different staging subtypes, i.e., FES and MES with and without worsening.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.