SynthesisJournal of neurology2022
Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in childhood encephalitis (IgNiTE): a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2023Trial
- Late-Onset HSV-2 Encephalitis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Rare Case Report.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Mechanism Discussion of Peripheral Nerve Injury in 2 Cases of Severe Viral Meningoencephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- An autochthonous case of severeIDCases · 2025Article
- Fatal Fulminant Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Encephalitis in Immunocompetent 5.5-Year-Old Girl-A Case Report with the Review of Diagnostic and Management Dilemmas.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- SIV-specific antibodies protect against inflammasome-driven encephalitis in untreated macaques.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Adjunctive Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Glucocorticoid Therapy in Severe Herpes Simplex Encephalitis with Excellent Outcome Begs for Larger Trials Evaluating Immunomodulatory Therapy.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- An Adolescent Presenting With Mania and Catatonia Associated With Coronavirus Disease-2019 Encephalitis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): From Tick to Pathology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Optimizing Antiviral Dosing for HSV and CMV Treatment in Immunocompromised Patients.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Neurology of Acute Viral Infections.The Neurohospitalist · 2022Review
- Epstein-Barr virus meningoencephalitis in a young immunocompetent child: A case report.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Enteroviral Rhombencephalitis with Abducens Nerve Palsy and Cardio-Pulmonary Failure in a 2-Year-Old Boy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic advances in neuroinfectious diseases.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFor most viral encephalitides, therapy is merely supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach. We conduct a systematic review on the safety and efficacy of IVIG in viral encephalitis.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review assessing PubMed, Cochrane Database, Biosis Previews and the ClinicalTrials.gov website to identify all reports on patients with viral encephalitis treated with IVIG as of May 31, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were therapeutic efficacy and safety. For an increased homogeneity of the population, atypical viral infections were excluded, as were reports on prophylactic IVIG use, intrathecal application of immunoglobulins, or use of antibody-enriched IVIG-preparations. Data were extracted from published studies. Descriptive statistics were used.
resultsWe included a total of 44 studies (39 case reports). The case reports cover a total of 53 patients. Our search retrieved two prospective and three retrospective studies. These show heterogeneous results as to the efficacy of IVIG therapy. Only one study reports a significant association between IVIG-use and death (odds ratio 0.032; 95% confidence interval 0.0033-0.3024; p = 0.0027). None of the studies report significant differences in the number of serious adverse events.
conclusionData on the efficacy of IVIG-therapy is heterogeneous. While it seems generally safe, evident superiority compared to supportive treatment has not been demonstrated so far. Future trials should also investigate the optimal dosing and timing of IVIG and their benefit in the immunosuppressed.
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