Trial reportJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2021
Efficacy of three BCG strains (Connaught, TICE and RIVM) with or without secondary resection (re-TUR) for intermediate/high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers: results from a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis.
Trial report in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06767982 (A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) RIVM and Russian Strains in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Efficacy and Side Effects
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential effects of BCG-Russia and BCG-TICE on trained immunity: Potential implications for bladder cancer immunotherapy.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Current Approaches in Bladder Cancer Treatment.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Multi-omics analysis reveals that linoleic acid metabolism is associated with variations of trained immunity induced by distinct BCG strains.Science advances · 2024Article
- Review
- Novel immunotherapeutic options for BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Artificial Intelligence in the Advanced Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer-Comprehensive Literature Review and Future Advancement.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- The Effect of Sex on Disease Stage and Survival after Radical Cystectomy in Non-Urothelial Variant-Histology Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Mutations in genes encoding innate immune molecules identified in bladder cancer samples as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy with BCG and agonists.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
- Two issues should be noted when designing a clinical trial to evaluate BCG effects on COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The comparison of different BCG strains in the intravesical treatment of non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder-A real-world practice.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- A Systematic Review on the Role of Repeat Transurethral Resection after Initial en Bloc Resection for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) During Induction Is a Better Predictor Than Preoperative LMR in Patients Receiving Intravesical Bacillus Calmette -Guerin for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- The Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Bladder Cancer Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose(I) To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three different BCG strains in patients with intermediate-/high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). (II) To determine the importance of performing routine secondary resection (re-TUR) in the setting of BCG maintenance protocol for the three strains.
methodsNMIBCs who received an adjuvant induction followed by a maintenance schedule of intravesical immunotherapy with BCG Connaught, TICE and RIVM. Only BCG-naïve and those treated with the same strain over the course of follow-up were included. Cox proportional hazards model was developed according to prognostic factors by the Spanish Urological Oncology Group (CUETO) as well as by adjusting for the implementation of re-TUR.
resultsn = 422 Ta-T1 patients (Connaught, n = 146; TICE, n = 112 and RIVM, n = 164) with a median (IQR) follow-up of 72 (60-85) were reviewed. Re-TUR was associated with improved recurrence and progression outcomes (HR
conclusionRe-TUR was confirmed to ensure longer RFS and PFS in intermediate-/high-risk NMIBCs but did not influence the relative single BCG strain efficacy. When routinely performing re-TUR followed by a maintenance BCG schedule, TICE was superior to the other strains for RFS outcomes.
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