ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Healthy lifestyles, genetic modifiers, and colorectal cancer risk: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk assessment for colorectal cancer via polygenic risk score and lifestyle exposure: a large-scale association study of East Asian and European populations.Genome medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- A WeChat-Based Decision Aid Intervention to Promote Informed Decision-Making for Family Members Regarding the Genetic Testing of Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Association Between Allostatic Load, Genetic Susceptibility, and Liver Cancer Incidence: A Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Fatty Acid Metabolism and Hypoxia in the Tumor Microenvironment: Metabolic Adaptation and Clinical Potential in Colorectal Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Interaction of genetic and lifestyle risk scores on colorectal cancer risk across 5 racial and ethnic populations.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Smoking metabolic signature modifies the risk of colorectal cancer and interacts with genetic susceptibility: a large-scale prospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular health assessed by Life's Essential 8 score, genetic risk, colonoscopy status, and risk of colorectal cancer: an analysis of UK Biobank.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Elucidating key targets and mechanisms of diethyl phthalate-induced colorectal cancer through network toxicology and molecular docking.PloS one · 2026Article
- Nutrition, Environment, and Genetics in Colorectal Cancer. Epigenetics and Possible Future Perspective.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Dietary index for gut microbiota and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective gene-diet study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Inflammation mediates the effect of histidine on a lower risk of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics Associated with KRAS Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer in Ecuadorian Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Genetic risk, health-associated lifestyle, and risk of early-onset total cancer and breast cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Characterization of Additive Gene-environment Interactions For Colorectal Cancer Risk.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The additive interaction of healthy lifestyles and genetic susceptibility on colorectal cancer risk in prediabetes: a large population-based prospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Joint association of air pollutants on cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations of lifestyle characteristics with circulating immune markers in the general population based on NHANES 1999 to 2014.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Genotype × environment interactions in gene regulation and complex traits.Nature genetics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth genetic and lifestyle factors play an etiologic role in colorectal cancer (CRC).
objectivesWe evaluated potential gene-environment interactions in CRC risk.
methodsWe used data from 346,297 participants in the UK Biobank cohort. Healthy lifestyle scores (HLSs) were constructed using 8 lifestyle factors, primarily according to the American Cancer Society guidelines, and were categorized into unhealthy, intermediate, and healthy groups. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was created using 95 genetic risk variants identified by genome-wide association studies of CRC and was categorized by tertile. Cox models were used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs of CRC risk associated with the HLS and PRS.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 5.8 y, 2066 incident cases of CRC were identified. Healthier HLSs were associated with reduced risk of CRC in a dose-response manner. The risk reduction was more apparent among those with high PRS (HRhealthy vs. unhealthy HLS1: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.79 for men and 0.71; 0.58, 0.85 for men and women combined) than those with low PRS. Although no multiplicative interactions were identified, the HLS1 and PRS showed a significant additive interaction (P = 0.02 for all participants combined, 0.04 for men). In analyses including all participants, the adjusted CRC cumulative risk from age 40 to 75 y was 6.40% for those with high PRS/unhealthy HLS1, with a relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.10), compared with 2.09% among those with low PRS/healthy HLS1. This pattern was more apparent among those who reported not having received any bowel screening before baseline.
conclusionsAlthough the observational nature of the study precludes proof of causality, our findings suggest that individuals with a high genetic susceptibility could benefit more substantially than those with a low genetic risk from lifestyle modification in reducing CRC risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.