ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
The gut-joint axis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05790356 (Fecal Microbial Transplantation for Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 222 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fecal Microbial Transplantation for Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial
Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 360 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Microecological Regulators on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 observational studies.EBioMedicine · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Therapeutic Properties and Underlying Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrative Review of Clinical and Molecular Findings.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis-induced expansion of AXL-positive inflammatory type 3 dendritic cells triggers preclinical autoimmunity.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Microbial Signals in Cancer: Dissecting Host-Microbiota-Tumor Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Strategy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium longum ZFML0012 Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis via Gut-Joint Axis Regulation: Remodeling Microbiota, Boosting SCFAs/L-Glutamine, and Rebalancing Th17/Treg Immunity.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- The Impact of Oral-Gut Microbiota Structure and Its Manipulation on RA Development and Management.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Gut Microbial Functional Ecology and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmunity.Cells · 2026Review
- Pathogens in rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical insights.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Gut microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate alphavirus arthritis and macrophage activation in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- High Humidity Exacerbates Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice viaMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide promotes rheumatoid arthritis by enhancing Wnt7b mediated macrophage-FLS communication.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Circadian rhythm: The hidden "puppet master" behind musculoskeletal disorders.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Gut-bone axis in rheumatoid arthritis: microbiota-driven barrier dysfunction, immune crosstalk, and therapeutic strategies.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Association of a Novel Dietary Index Assessing Gut Microbiota Impact With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Bile Acids and the Gut-X Axis: TCM-Mediated Systemic Protection and Therapeutic Opportunities for Multi-Organ Diseases.Metabolites · 2026Review
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints. One hypothesis for the pathogenesis of RA is that disease begins at mucosal sites as a consequence of interactions between the mucosal immune system and an aberrant local microbiota, and then transitions to involve the synovial joints. Alterations in the composition of the microbial flora in the lungs, mouth and gut in individuals with preclinical and established RA suggest a role for mucosal dysbiosis in the development and perpetuation of RA, although establishing whether these alterations are the specific consequence of intestinal involvement in the setting of a systemic inflammatory process, or whether they represent a specific localization of disease, is an ongoing challenge. Data from mouse models of RA and investigations into the preclinical stages of disease also support the hypothesis that these alterations to the microbiota predate the onset of disease. In addition, several therapeutic options widely used for the treatment of RA are associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota, suggesting that modulation of intestinal microbiota and/or intestinal barrier function might be useful in preventing or treating RA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.