ArticleJournal of human hypertension2023
Disparities in absolute cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and other risk factors by income within racial/ethnic groups among middle-aged and older US people.
Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Hypertension Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of Allisartan Isoproxil in patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Early Home Visits and Health Outcomes in Low-Income Mothers and Offspring: 18-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Prevailing income-based disparities in cardiovascular events in young hospitalized adults with cannabis use disorder: insights from a population-based analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Metabolic syndrome and immune-related adverse events.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in hypertensive heart disease burden due to high BMI: a 30-year analysis using GBD 2021 data with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study: Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle Eastern, Mainly Jordanians, Cohort Presented with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adults With Perinatally Acquired HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health Correlates and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Adults in Baltimore: The EngAGE With Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Treated but Uncontrolled: Characterizing Hypertension in a Sample of 357 Older Adults in the Southeastern United States.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Trends in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Income among United States Adults, 1999 to 2018.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Global burden of hypertensive heart disease attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021: a multidimensional analysis and public health response.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in disparities by income in cardiovascular risk factors across 209 US metropolitan areas.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- The association of pre-cancer diagnosis cardiovascular risk factors with memory aging after a cancer diagnosis, overall and by race/ethnicity.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024Article
- Vascular risk burden is a key player in the early progression of Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of aging · 2024Article
- Metabolic syndrome and adiposity: Risk factors for decreased myelin in cognitively healthy adults.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2023Article
- State Minimum Wage Increases As a Potential Policy Lever to Reduce Black-White Disparities in Hypertension.Health equity · 2023Article
- Elevated Chinese visceral adiposity index increases the risk of stroke in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This cross-sectional study determined income disparities in age-adjusted prevalence and trends of 10-year high absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and current tobacco smoking within racial/ethnic groups in the US. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016 data of 40-79-year-old people were analyzed. Survey periods were grouped as 2001-2006, 2007-2012, and 2013-2016. Race/ethnicity was grouped as non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and other races/ethnicities. Three equal-sized strata (low-, middle-, and high income) were made from the family income-to-poverty ratio. Of the 25,777 participants (mean age: 55.6 years, 48% males), a majority of the studied prevalence was higher in most survey years among non-Hispanic blacks compared to non-Hispanic whites. Most studied prevalence was also higher among low-income people than middle-/high-income people. Within racial/ethnic groups, the prevalence also differed by income for high CVD risk, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, CKD, LTPA, and tobacco smoking (P < 0.05) in most survey periods. After stratifying by race/ethnicity, the prevalence of many conditions remained disproportionately higher among low- and middle-income people, compared to those with high income during most survey periods in all racial/ethnic groups. These results reveal income in addition to race/ethnicity to be an important correlate of cardiovascular health and underscore the need to consider each when controlling for risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.