ArticleScientific reports2021
Splitting sleep between the night and a daytime nap reduces homeostatic sleep pressure and enhances long-term memory.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge.Sleep · 2022Trial
- Optimizing cognitive health and emotional well-being through daytime napping: current insights and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Napping, sleep and affect in late- and short- sleeping adolescents: An actigraphy and daily diary study.Sleep health · 2025Article
- The association between sleep duration trajectories and intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal Chinese study assessing healthy aging.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Daytime dexmedetomidine sedation with closed-loop acoustic stimulation alters slow wave sleep homeostasis in healthy adults.BJA open · 2024Article
- Hard Work Makes It Hard to Sleep: Work Characteristics Link to Multidimensional Sleep Health Phenotypes.Journal of business and psychology · 2024Article
- Effects of 90- and 30-min naps or a 120-min nap on alertness and performance: reanalysis of an existing pilot study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Daytime Variation of Chloral Hydrate-Associated Sedation Outcomes: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Goldilocks at work: Just the right amount of job demands may be needed for your sleep health.Sleep health · 2023Article
- Hypoxia Differentially Affects Healthy Men and Women During a Daytime Nap With a Dose-Response Relationship: a Randomized, Cross-Over Pilot Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Daytime naps have been linked with enhanced memory encoding and consolidation. It remains unclear how a daily napping schedule impacts learning throughout the day, and whether these effects are the same for well-rested and sleep restricted individuals. We compared memory in 112 adolescents who underwent two simulated school weeks containing 8 or 6.5 h sleep opportunities each day. Sleep episodes were nocturnal or split between nocturnal sleep and a 90-min afternoon nap, creating four experimental groups: 8 h-continuous, 8 h-split, 6.5 h-continuous and 6.5 h-split. Declarative memory was assessed with picture encoding and an educationally realistic factual knowledge task. Splitting sleep significantly enhanced afternoon picture encoding and factual knowledge under both 6.5 h and 8 h durations. Splitting sleep also significantly reduced slow-wave energy during nocturnal sleep, suggesting lower homeostatic sleep pressure during the day. There was no negative impact of the split sleep schedule on morning performance, despite a reduction in nocturnal sleep. These findings suggest that naps could be incorporated into a daily sleep schedule that provides sufficient sleep and benefits learning.
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Registered trials
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