Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33674657›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

High-wearable EEG-based distraction detection in motor rehabilitation.

Andrea Apicella, Pasquale Arpaia, Mirco Frosolone, Nicola Moccaldi

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. EEG-Based Engagement Monitoring in Cognitive Games.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Andrea Apicella *Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Pasquale Arpaia *Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. pasquale.arpaia@unina.it.
Mirco Frosolone *Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Nicola Moccaldi *Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A method for EEG-based distraction detection during motor-rehabilitation tasks is proposed. A wireless cap guarantees very high wearability with dry electrodes and a low number of channels. Experimental validation is performed on a dataset from 17 volunteers. Different feature extractions from spatial, temporal, and frequency domain and classification strategies were evaluated. The performances of five supervised classifiers in discriminating between attention on pure movement and with distractors were compared. A k-Nearest Neighbors classifier achieved an accuracy of 92.8 ± 1.6%. In this last case, the feature extraction is based on a custom 12 pass-band Filter-Bank (FB) and the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm. In particular, the mean Recall of classification (percentage of true positive in distraction detection) is higher than 92% and allows the therapist or an automated system to know when to stimulate the patient's attention for enhancing the therapy effectiveness.

Indexed as

Wearable Electronic DevicesAdultAttentionBrain-Computer InterfacesData AccuracyElectrodesElectroencephalographyFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansImaginationMaleMotor ActivityNeurological RehabilitationSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSupport Vector Machine

Identifiers

PMID33674657
PMCPMC7935996

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.