SynthesisEuropean urology focus2022
Placebo Response in Patients with Oral Therapy for Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European urology focus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06508944 (Efficacy of Vaginal 17β-Estradiol on the Urinary Storage Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Vaginal 17β-Estradiol on the Urinary Storage Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpretation of the Meaningfulness of Symptom Reduction with Vibegron in Patients with Overactive Bladder: Analyses from EMPOWUR.Advances in therapy · 2022Trial
- Vibegron for the Treatment of Patients with Dry and Wet Overactive Bladder: A Subgroup Analysis from the EMPOWUR Trial.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Article
- Protocol for a multi-site randomized trial testing an integrated behavioral treatment for improving nocturia and insomnia symptoms in older adults (MINT).Research square · 2025Article
- Predicting overactive bladder from inflammatory markers: A machine learning approach using NHANES 2005-2020.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic efficacy and short-term durability of trans-urethral amniotic bladder injections for the treatment of refractory COVID-associated cystitis.Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Patient and Clinician Challenges with Anticholinergic Step Therapy in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Efficacy of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin A Injection in the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder in Children.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Efficacy and Safety of DA-8010, a Novel M3 Antagonist, in Patients With Overactive Bladder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 2 Study.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
- The placebo and nocebo effects in functional urology.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe role of a placebo response in the management of overactive bladder (OAB) remains unclear.
objectiveThe aim of this review is to methodically study the placebo response extracted from the control arms of randomized clinical trials assessing therapy in patients with OAB. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until September 2019. Randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating oral drug therapy for OAB were included. The articles were critically appraised by two reviewers. The primary outcomes were the placebo response in the main patient-reported urinary outcomes together with assessing the impact of patient demographic factors on the placebo response. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The initial search resulted in 1982 records after reviewing the titles and abstracts, and reference lists of other systematic reviews; 57 studies with an overall estimated 12 901 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies were of overall high/acceptable quality. The standardized mean difference was -0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.51 to -0.40; p<0.001) for daily micturition episodes, -0.33 (95% CI -0.42 to -0.24; p<0.001) for daily nocturia episodes, -0.46 (95% CI -0.55 to -0.37; p<0.001) for urgency urinary incontinence episodes, -0.50 (95% CI -0.61 to -0.39; p<0.001) for daily urgency episodes, -0.51 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.43; p<0.001) for daily incontinence episodes, and 0.25 (95% CI 0.211-0.290; p<0.001) for volume voided per micturition. The meta-regression of age-related impact of the placebo response on nocturia showed a slope of -0.02 (p<0.001).
conclusionsPlacebo has a statistically significant effect on improving symptoms and signs associated with OAB; this effect is age dependent. However, there is no consensus on what change of OAB symptoms and signs is clinically meaningful for the affected patient. Taken together, the placebo response seems to be non-negligible in OAB, supporting the need for placebo control in RCTs. PATIENT SUMMARY: Placebo is an inert treatment method often used in clinical research for comparison with active treatment. However, studies show that placebo has an effect of its own. A placebo response means the total improvement resulting from receiving a placebo. In our study, placebo had a significant role in improving the symptoms of overactive bladder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.