ReviewViruses2021
In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Studying SARS-CoV-2, the Etiological Agent Responsible for COVID-19 Pandemic.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- NPASS database update 2026: comprehensive quantitative composition, bioactivity, and ADME-Tox data of natural products for biomedical research.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Functional and Structural Characterization of Treatment-Emergent Nirmatrelvir Resistance Mutations at Low Frequencies in the Main Protease (Mpro) Reveals a Unique Evolutionary Route for SARS-CoV-2 to Gain Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Covalent Probes Reveal Small-Molecule Binding Pockets in Structured RNA and Enable Bioactive Compound Design.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of remdesivir: innovative approaches to drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Inflammatory cytokine-primed MSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute lung injury via enhanced immunomodulation and alveolar repair.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Hypericin Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Synergizes with Antivirals via Dual Targeting of RdRp and 3CLpro.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Diagnostic In Vivo Sensing of COVID-19 Antibody Detection Using DNA-Linking Graphene Oxide Synthetic Mimic Skin Tattoo Probes.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Host-virus interactions during infection with a wild-type ILTV strain or a glycoprotein G deletion mutant ILTV vaccine strain in anMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- The recombinant spike S1 protein induces injury and inflammation in co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages.PloS one · 2025Article
- Recent advances in host models in studying virulence factors and pathogenesis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Overview of the Trending Enteric Viruses and Their Pathogenesis in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Infection.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Comparative Analysis of 2022 Outbreak MPXV and Previous Clade II MPXV.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Structured multicellular intestinal spheroids (SMIS) as a standardized model for infection biology.Gut pathogens · 2024Article
- Genetic barrier to resistance: a critical parameter for efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a nonhuman primate model.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Conditional reprogrammed human limbal epithelial cell model for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug screening.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Cytokine production in anFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonist MIA-602 attenuates cardiopulmonary injury induced by BSL-2 rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence and rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted the scientific community to rapidly develop in vitro and in vivo models that could be applied in COVID-19 research. In vitro models include two-dimensional (2D) cultures of immortalized cell lines or primary cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures derived from lung, alveoli, bronchi, and other organs. Although cell-based systems are economic and allow strict control of experimental variables, they do not always resemble physiological conditions. Thus, several in vivo models are being developed, including different strains of mice, hamsters, ferrets, dogs, cats, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarize the main models of SARS-CoV-2 infection developed so far and discuss their advantages, drawbacks and main uses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.