SynthesisViruses2021
Demystifying Excess Immune Response in COVID-19 to Reposition an Orphan Drug for Down-Regulation of NF-κB: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Dysfunction of COVID-19.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Screening of Phytocompounds Against the NF-kB Pathway Genes and Lung Elevated Proteins Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2025Article
- COVID-19 induced shocks and its implications for human capital development.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Severe COVID-19European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- The therapeutic effect and mechanism of parthenolide in skeletal disease, cancers, and cytokine storm.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Vitamin D: A Role Also in Long COVID-19?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Stem cell therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Comparing the Nucleocapsid Proteins of Human Coronaviruses: Structure, Immunoregulation, Vaccine, and Targeted Drug.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in COVID-19 and Female Reproductive Function: Theoretical Background vs. Accumulating Clinical Evidence.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- The Complex Interplay between Immunonutrition, Mast Cells, and Histamine Signaling in COVID-19.Nutrients · 2021Review
- COVID-19 Spotlights Connections between Disease and Multiple Lifestyle Factors.American journal of lifestyle medicineReview
- Cytokine Overproduction and Immune System Dysregulation in alloHSCT and COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological findings from autopsies, biopsies, and various studies in COVID-19 patients show that the major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 is excess immune response resulting in hyper-inflammation. With the objective to review various mechanisms of excess immune response in adult COVID-19 patients, Pubmed was searched for free full articles not related to therapeutics or co-morbid sub-groups, published in English until 27.10.2020, irrespective of type of article, country, or region. Joanna Briggs Institute's design-specific checklists were used to assess the risk of bias. Out of 122 records screened for eligibility, 42 articles were included in the final review. The review found that eventually, most mechanisms result in cytokine excess and up-regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling as a common pathway of excess immune response. Molecules blocking NF-κB or targeting downstream effectors like Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) are either undergoing clinical trials or lack specificity and cause unwanted side effects. Neutralization of upstream histamine by histamine-conjugated normal human immunoglobulin has been demonstrated to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL) 1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 and IL-10 in a safer manner. The authors recommend repositioning it in COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.