ArticleToxins2021
Permeability of the Cyanotoxin Microcystin-RR across a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crude extract of cyanobacterium (Radiocystis fernandoi) triggers primary osmoregulatory impairment in the gills of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Effects of different doses of microcystin-LR exposure on gut development and the microbiota of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Global Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Systems: Recent Advances, Human Health Risks, Mitigation, and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A new crystalline daidzein-piperazine salt with enhanced solubility, permeability, and bioavailability.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Microcystin Toxicokinetics, Molecular Toxicology, and Pathophysiology in Preclinical Rodent Models and Humans.Toxins · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by several cyanobacterial species found worldwide. While MCs have a common structure, the variation of two amino acids in their structure affects their toxicity. As toxicodynamics are very similar between the MC variants, their differential toxicity could rather be explained by toxicokinetic parameters. Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) is the second most abundant congener and induces toxicity through oral exposure. As intestinal permeability is a key parameter of oral toxicokinetics, the apparent permeability of MC-RR across a differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer was investigated. We observed a rapid and large decrease of MC-RR levels in the donor compartment. However, irrespective of the loaded concentration and exposure time, the permeabilities were very low from apical to basolateral compartments (from 4 to 15 × 10
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.