ArticlePolymers2021
The Direct 3D Printing of Functional PEEK/Hydroxyapatite Composites via a Fused Filament Fabrication Approach.
Article in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual reinforcement of PEKK composites with hydroxyapatite and silicon nitride nanowires for enhanced mechanical, tribological, antibacterial, and osteogenic performance.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- The Effect of Heat Treatment and Soaking in PBS Solution on the Strength Properties of PEEK Intended for Use in Orthopedics.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Limb-Salvage Reconstruction of the Proximal Humerus Using Patient-Specific 3D-Printed PEEK Implants: A Midterm Clinical Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PEEK/PEI Polymer Blends for Fused Filament Fabrication: Processing, Properties, and Printability.Polymers · 2025Article
- Gradient 3D printed PEEK with nano-coating facilitates rapid manufacturing with dual enhanced osteogenic and anti-bacterial property.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Investigating the Thermal Properties of Structural Partitions Produced Using Additive Technology (3D Printing) from Biodegradable Materials for Use in Construction.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biocompatible Thermoplastics in Additive Manufacturing of Bone Defect Fillers: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fused Deposition Modeling of Polymer Composites: Development, Properties and Applications.Polymers · 2025Review
- Review
- Advanced 3D Printing of Polyetherketoneketone Hydroxyapatite Composites via Fused Filament Fabrication with Increased Interlayer Connection.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Finite Element Analysis of Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Cranial Implant Manufactured with PMMA and PEEK: A Mechanical Comparative Study.Polymers · 2023Article
- Article
- Mechanical performance and bioactivation of 3D-printed PEEK for high-performance implant manufacture: a review.Progress in biomaterials · 2023Review
- 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiOOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- Functional engineering strategies of 3D printed implants for hard tissue replacement.Regenerative biomaterials · 2023Review
- State-of-the-art polyetheretherketone three-dimensional printing and multifunctional modification for dental implants.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
- Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Interest for Dental Restorations: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- 3D Printed Strontium and Zinc Doped Hydroxyapatite Loaded PEEK for Craniomaxillofacial Implants.Polymers · 2022Article
- Approaches to Biofunctionalize Polyetheretherketone for Antibacterial: A Review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The manufacture of polyetheretherketone/hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) composites is seen as a viable approach to help enhance direct bone apposition in orthopaedic implants. A range of methods have been used to produce composites, including Selective Laser Sintering and injection moulding. Such techniques have drawbacks and lack flexibility to manufacture complex, custom-designed implants. 3D printing gets around many of the restraints and provides new opportunities for innovative solutions that are structurally suited to meet the needs of the patient. This work reports the direct 3D printing of extruded PEEK/HA composite filaments via a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) approach. In this work samples are 3D printed by a custom modified commercial printer Ultimaker 2+ (UM2+). SEM-EDX and µCT analyses show that HA particles are evenly distributed throughout the bulk and across the surface of the native 3D printed samples, with XRD highlighting up to 50% crystallinity and crystalline domains clearly observed in SEM and HR-TEM analyses. This highlights the favourable temperature conditions during 3D printing. The yield stress and ultimate tensile strength obtained for all the samples are comparable to human femoral cortical bone. The results show how FFF 3D printing of PEEK/HA composites up to 30 wt% HA can be achieved.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.