ReviewNutrients2021
The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of fermented foods for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotics on mastitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of maternal allergy and supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid and probiotic on human milk oligosaccharides.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Trial
- Breastfeeding and Neonatal Age Influence Neutrophil-Driven Ontogeny of Blood Cell Populations in the First Week of Human Life.Journal of immunology research · 2024Trial
- Effect of Probiotics on the Gut-Mammary Pathway: Implications on Infant Microbiota Transfer and Development.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Effect of antenatal colostrum expression teaching on breastfeeding practices and birth outcomes: a retrospective case-control chart review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- The Role of Selected Bacteria in Breast Cancer Initiation and Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Protective Effects and Underlying Mechanisms ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dynamics of the milk microbial community during subacute ruminal acidosis with or without intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in dairy cows.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Maternal probiotics intake during pregnancy and exclusive colostrum breastfeeding are associated with a reduced risk of neonatal jaundice.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Optimizing breast cancer chemotherapy by harnessing gut microbiota with insights from artificial intelligence.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Exploring the Microbiome in Breast Cancer: The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Mediating factors between autoimmune thyroiditis and breast cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The Role of Targeted Microbiota Therapy in the Prevention and Management of Puerperal Mastitis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Rumen microbes affect the somatic cell counts of dairy cows by modulating glutathione metabolism.mSystems · 2025Article
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals that Gongying San ameliorates subclinical mastitis by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites in dairy cows.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Metabolites in the Dance: Deciphering Gut-Microbiota-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming of the Breast Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer Development and Its Implications in Treatment.Metabolites · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.