ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Protective Effect of Cocoa Bean Shell against Intestinal Damage: An Example of Byproduct Valorization.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiota-Derived Tyrosol Alleviates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury via Targeting SCD1-MUFA Axis to Suppress ER Stress.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Beneficial Effects on Oxidative Stress and Human Health by Dietary Polyphenols.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The antimicrobial activity of theobromine against cariogenic microbes: an in vitro pilot study.BDJ open · 2024Article
- Proximate Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Cocoa Bean Shells as a By-Product from Cocoa Industries in Indonesia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Optimizing vacuum drying process of polyphenols, flavanols and DPPH radical scavenging assay in pod husk and bean shell cocoa.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cocoa Bean Shell: A By-Product with High Potential for Nutritional and Biotechnological Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- The Utilization of Physiologically Active Molecular Components of Grape Seeds and Grape Marc.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Benefits of Polyphenols and Methylxanthines from Cocoa Beans on Dietary Metabolic Disorders.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Characterization and Classification of Cocoa Bean Shells from Different Regions of Venezuela Using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and Spectrophotometric Techniques Coupled to Chemometric Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocoa bean shell (CBS), a main byproduct of cocoa processing, represents a source of components such as polyphenols and methylxanthines, which have been associated with a reduced risk of several diseases. Therefore, CBS has potential application as a food ingredient. Intestinal mucosa is exposed to immune and inflammatory responses triggered by dietary agents, such as oxysterols, which derive from cholesterol oxidation and are pro-oxidant compounds able to affect intestinal function. We aimed at investigating the capability of the Forastero cultivar CBS, added or not added to ice cream, to protect against the intestinal barrier damage induced by a dietary oxysterol mixture.
methodsComposition and antioxidant capacity of in vitro digested CBS and CBS-enriched ice cream were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical-scavenging assay, respectively. CaCo-2 cells differentiated into enterocyte-like monolayer were incubated with 60 µM oxysterol mixture in the presence of CBS formulations.
resultsThe oxysterol mixture induced tight junction impairment, interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 cell release, and oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 response Nrf2. Both CBSs protected cells from these adverse effects, probably thanks to their high phenolic content. CBS-enriched ice cream showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Theobromine, which is in high concentrations of CBS, was also tested. Although theobromine exerted no effect on Nrf2 expression, its anti-inflammatory cooperating activity in CBS effect cannot be excluded.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that CBS-enriched ice cream may be effective in the prevention of gut integrity damage associated with oxidative/inflammatory reactions.
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Registered trials
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