Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School in Adolescents: The PACO Study.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06145529 (Resistance Training Based on Gamification During Physical Education), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Resistance Training Based on Gamification During Physical Education
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a school-based cycling intervention on commuting to school behavior and device-measured activity in Spanish adolescents: the PACO cluster-randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- The Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Children's Cycling Knowledge, Mode of Commuting and Perceived Barriers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Differences in Fat Depots, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Insulin Resistance Between Active and Passive School Commuters.Pediatric obesity · 2026Article
- Rationale and methods of the MOVI-HIIT! cluster-randomized controlled trial: an avatar-guided virtual platform for classroom activity breaks and its impact on cognition, adiposity, and fitness in preschoolers.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Assessing differences in emotional intelligence among lifestyle and AI usage profiles generated via Self-Organizing Maps in first-year university students.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Lifestyle Behavior Patterns and Their Association with Active Commuting to School Among Spanish Adolescents: A Cluster Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ENERGY expenditure of COmmuting to school (ENERGYCO): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Active Commuting to School among Spanish Preschool Children: A Temporal Change Study between 2013 and 2017.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Convergent Validation of a Self-Reported Commuting to and from School Diary in Spanish Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Testing the Mystic School Mobile Application to Promote Active Commuting to School in Spanish Adolescents: The PACO Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Correlates of Active Commuting to School among Portuguese Adolescents: An Ecological Model Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Considerations for Individual-Level Versus Whole-School Physical Activity Interventions: Stakeholder Perspectives.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Study Protocol of a School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Cycling to School Among Students in Germany Using Intervention Mapping: The ACTS Project.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This manuscript describes the rationale and protocol of a school-based randomized controlled trial called "Cycling and Walk to School" (PACO, by its Spanish acronym) that aims to promote cycling to and from school and physical activity (PA) in adolescents. This study will examine the effects of this intervention in cycling and active commuting to and from school (ACS), PA and several ACS-related factors based on self-determination theory (SDT) and a social-ecological model (SEM). A total of 360 adolescents attending six high schools (three experimental and three control) from three Spanish cities will participate in this randomized controlled trial. The intervention (four cycling sessions; 1-2 h per session, one session per week) will be conducted by the research staff; the control group will continue their usual activities. PA levels will be measured by accelerometers, whereas ACS and the other study variables will be self-reported using questionnaires at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcomes will be: rates of cycling to school, ACS and PA levels. In addition, SDT-related variables and individual, interpersonal, community, and environment variables relevant to ACS will be based on SEM. The findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the short-term effects of this school-based intervention on cycling to school behaviour, ACS and PA levels in Spanish adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.