ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Immunological Risk Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Guidelines Versus Current State of the Art.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and future frontiers in the immunology of spontaneous abortion: a 25-year scientometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Decidual macrophages in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunoglobulin-mediated immune dysregulation in recurrent pregnancy loss: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic perspectives.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Immunoglobulins in recurrent pregnancy loss: Emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Pregnancy outcomes prediction performance of a scoring system based on maternal immunological parameters in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a monocentric retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Hyperhomocysteinemia as a potential risk factor for unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: an exploratory case-control study at Damascus University Maternity Hospital.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- A Genetic Landscape of Euploid Miscarriages From Couples With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Through Whole Exome Sequencing.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical, metabolomic, and proteomic profiles associated with reproductive outcomes in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Maternal-fetal interface abnormalities in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: mechanisms, models, and a framework for subtype identification.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Investigating the predictive role of serum amyloid A and its association with immunological and coagulation biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Placental Pathology in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome Beyond Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring novel molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent pregnancy loss in decidual tissues.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Exogenous of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on Pregnancy Outcome in Mice with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Persistent Enhancement of Placental Tissue Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2025Article
- Uterine NK Cell Polarization Associates with Chronic Endometritis and Predisposition to Recurrent Implantation Failure.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Exploring the role and therapeutic potential of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in abortion disease pathology: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
- A study of three-time-point dynamic changes in aPS/PT and standard aPL antibodies and their association with IVF pregnancy outcomes in APS-related recurrent pregnancy loss.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Differential mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles Associated with Early Pregnancy Loss in ART Patients.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Novel proteomics biomarkers of recurrent pregnancy loss reflect the dysregulation of immune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- High Prevalence of Anti-Prothrombin IgM and IgG Autoantibodies in Women With Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Around 1-5% of all couples experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Established risk factors include anatomical, genetic, endocrine, and hemostatic alterations. With around 50% of idiopathic cases, immunological risk factors are getting into the scientific focus, however international guidelines hardly take them into account. Within this review, the current state of immunological risk factors in RPL in international guidelines of the European Society of Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), German/Austrian/Swiss Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (DGGG/OEGGG/SGGG) and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG) are evaluated. Special attention was drawn to recommendations in the guidelines regarding diagnostic factors such as autoantibodies, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and human leukocyte antigen system (HLA)-sharing as well as treatment options such as corticosteroids, intralipids, intravenous immunoglobulins, aspirin and heparin in RPL. Finally, the current state of the art focusing on both diagnostic and therapeutic options was summarized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.